Looking for Islamic History MCQs with answers and explanations? You are at the right place. This post contains 120+ carefully selected MCQs covering Pre-Islamic Arabia, the Life of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), Khilafat-e-Rashida, Umayyads, Abbasids, Muslim Spain, Ottoman Empire, Safavids, Mughals, and Modern Islamic Thinkers.
These MCQs are useful for CSS, PMS, FPSC, PPSC, SPSC, KPPSC, BPSC, NTS, and other competitive exams.
📘 Section 1: Life of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ & Early Islamic Period (Q1–40)
Q1. In which year was the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ born?
(A) 570 AD
(B) 571 AD
(C) 572 AD
(D) 573 AD
✅ Correct Answer: (B) 571 AD
📝 Known as the “Year of the Elephant,” when Abraha attacked the Kaaba.
Q2. The Prophet’s father, Abdullah, died before his birth. Where is his grave located?
(A) Madinah
(B) Makkah
(C) Syria
(D) Yathrib
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Makkah
📝 Abdullah ibn Abdul Muttalib passed away in Makkah before Prophet’s birth.
Q3. Who was the foster mother of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ?
(A) Halimah Saadia
(B) Barakah (Umm Ayman)
(C) Amina
(D) Fatimah bint Asad
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Halimah Saadia
📝 He was sent to live with Bedouins for health and language training.
Q4. At what age did Prophet Muhammad ﷺ lose his mother, Amina?
(A) 4 years
(B) 5 years
(C) 6 years
(D) 7 years
✅ Correct Answer: (C) 6 years
📝 His mother died at Abwa while returning from Madinah.
Q5. Who took care of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ after the death of his mother?
(A) Abu Talib
(B) Abdul Muttalib
(C) Hamza ibn Abdul Muttalib
(D) Abbas ibn Abdul Muttalib
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Abdul Muttalib
📝 His grandfather became his guardian until his death when Prophet was 8 years old.
Q6. Who was the Prophet’s uncle who raised him after Abdul Muttalib’s death?
(A) Abu Talib
(B) Hamza
(C) Abbas
(D) Abu Lahab
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Abu Talib
📝 Abu Talib supported him throughout his youth and early prophethood.
Q7. Which trade caravan did the Prophet ﷺ accompany at the age of 12?
(A) Caravan to Yemen
(B) Caravan to Syria
(C) Caravan to Ta’if
(D) Caravan to Egypt
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Caravan to Syria
📝 It was during this journey that Christian monk Bahira noticed signs of prophethood.
Q8. Prophet Muhammad ﷺ participated in which battle before prophethood?
(A) Battle of Badr
(B) Fijar War
(C) Battle of Uhud
(D) Battle of Hunayn
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Fijar War
📝 He helped his uncles by collecting arrows during the Fijar War.
Q9. The Hilf al-Fudul (League of the Virtuous) was an agreement for?
(A) Trade
(B) Justice & Protection of the weak
(C) Defense of Makkah
(D) Religious Unity
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Justice & Protection of the weak
📝 Prophet ﷺ participated in this noble pact before Prophethood.
Q10. Who was the first wife of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ?
(A) Ayesha
(B) Hafsa
(C) Khadijah
(D) Zainab
✅ Correct Answer: (C) Khadijah (RA)
📝 She was a wealthy businesswoman, and they married when he was 25 years old.
Q11. How many children were born to Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and Khadijah (RA)?
(A) 5
(B) 6
(C) 7
(D) 8
✅ Correct Answer: (B) 6
📝 They had four daughters (Zainab, Ruqayyah, Umm Kulthum, Fatimah) and two sons (Qasim, Abdullah).
Q12. Who was the first child born to Prophet Muhammad ﷺ?
(A) Fatimah
(B) Qasim
(C) Zainab
(D) Abdullah
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Qasim
📝 Because of him, Prophet ﷺ was called Abul Qasim.
Q13. Who was the first male to accept Islam?
(A) Umar ibn Khattab
(B) Abu Bakr
(C) Ali ibn Abi Talib
(D) Zaid ibn Haritha
✅ Correct Answer: (C) Ali ibn Abi Talib
📝 Ali (RA) accepted Islam at the age of about 10 years.
Q14. Who was the first woman to accept Islam?
(A) Khadijah (RA)
(B) Fatimah (RA)
(C) Ayesha (RA)
(D) Umm Ayman
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Khadijah (RA)
📝 She was the first believer in the message of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.
Q15. Which angel brought the first revelation to Prophet Muhammad ﷺ?
(A) Israfil
(B) Mikail
(C) Jibra’il
(D) Azrail
✅ Correct Answer: (C) Jibra’il (Gabriel)
📝 Angel Jibra’il brought the first verses of Surah Al-‘Alaq at Cave Hira.
Q16. In which cave did the first revelation occur?
(A) Cave Thawr
(B) Cave Hira
(C) Cave Quba
(D) Cave Uhud
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Cave Hira
📝 Located near Makkah, Prophet ﷺ used to meditate here before prophethood.
Q17. In which year did Prophet Muhammad ﷺ receive his first revelation?
(A) 610 AD
(B) 611 AD
(C) 612 AD
(D) 613 AD
✅ Correct Answer: (A) 610 AD
📝 This marks the beginning of Prophethood at the age of 40.
Q18. Who was the first slave to accept Islam?
(A) Zaid ibn Haritha
(B) Bilal ibn Rabah
(C) Ammar ibn Yasir
(D) Suhaib Rumi
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Bilal ibn Rabah
📝 Bilal (RA) later became the first muezzin of Islam.
Q19. Who was the first freed slave to accept Islam?
(A) Salman Farsi
(B) Zaid ibn Haritha
(C) Suhaib Rumi
(D) Bilal ibn Rabah
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Zaid ibn Haritha
📝 He was so close to Prophet ﷺ that he was known as “Zaid ibn Muhammad” before adoption was prohibited.
Q20. Which companion is known as “As-Siddiq” for his unwavering belief?
(A) Ali ibn Abi Talib
(B) Umar ibn Khattab
(C) Abu Bakr
(D) Uthman ibn Affan
✅ Correct Answer: (C) Abu Bakr (RA)
📝 He supported Prophet ﷺ at every stage, especially during the Hijra.
Q21. How many years did Prophet ﷺ preach in Makkah?
(A) 10 years
(B) 12 years
(C) 13 years
(D) 15 years
✅ Correct Answer: (C) 13 years
📝 The Makkan period was marked by persecution and patience.
Q22. Where did the first migration of Muslims take place?
(A) Madinah
(B) Ta’if
(C) Abyssinia (Habsha)
(D) Yemen
✅ Correct Answer: (C) Abyssinia
📝 In 615 AD, some Muslims migrated to Abyssinia under the Christian King Negus.
Q23. Who was the King of Abyssinia that gave protection to Muslims?
(A) Cyrus
(B) Heraclius
(C) Negus (Najashi)
(D) Constantine
✅ Correct Answer: (C) Negus (Najashi)
📝 He refused to hand over the Muslims to Quraysh envoys.
Q24. Which treaty allowed Muslims to practice their religion freely in Madinah?
(A) Treaty of Aqabah
(B) Treaty of Hudaybiyyah
(C) Treaty of Quba
(D) Charter of Madinah
✅ Correct Answer: (D) Charter of Madinah
📝 Also called the Constitution of Madinah – it created harmony between Muslims and Jews.
Q25. What is the name of the Prophet’s camel during Hijra?
(A) Qaswa
(B) Anqa
(C) Burraq
(D) Zayd
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Qaswa
📝 Qaswa carried Prophet ﷺ to Madinah during Hijra.
Q26. The Hijra (migration) from Makkah to Madinah occurred in which year?
(A) 620 AD
(B) 621 AD
(C) 622 AD
(D) 623 AD
✅ Correct Answer: (C) 622 AD
📝 This year marks the start of the Islamic calendar.
Q27. Who built the first mosque in Islam?
(A) Prophet Muhammad ﷺ
(B) Abu Bakr
(C) Umar
(D) Ali ibn Abi Talib
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Prophet Muhammad ﷺ
📝 The first mosque was Masjid Quba, built near Madinah after Hijra.
Q28. Which battle was the first major confrontation between Muslims and Quraysh?
(A) Battle of Uhud
(B) Battle of Hunayn
(C) Battle of Badr
(D) Battle of Khandaq
✅ Correct Answer: (C) Battle of Badr
📝 It took place in 624 AD, known as the “Day of Furqan.”
Q29. How many Muslims fought in the Battle of Badr?
(A) 213
(B) 313
(C) 513
(D) 713
✅ Correct Answer: (B) 313
📝 They fought against 1000 Quraysh soldiers and won decisively.
Q30. Which Prophet’s uncle was martyred in the Battle of Uhud?
(A) Abbas
(B) Abu Talib
(C) Hamza ibn Abdul Muttalib
(D) Abu Lahab
✅ Correct Answer: (C) Hamza ibn Abdul Muttalib
📝 Known as the “Lion of Allah,” he was killed by Wahshi.
Q31. The Battle of Khandaq is also known as?
(A) Battle of Trench
(B) Battle of Banners
(C) Battle of Yamama
(D) Battle of Qadisiyyah
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Battle of Trench
📝 Muslims dug a trench around Madinah in 627 AD to defend against Quraysh.
Q32. The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah was signed in?
(A) 628 AD
(B) 629 AD
(C) 630 AD
(D) 632 AD
✅ Correct Answer: (A) 628 AD
📝 Though unfavorable at first, it paved the way for the spread of Islam.
Q33. When did the conquest of Makkah take place?
(A) 628 AD
(B) 629 AD
(C) 630 AD
(D) 632 AD
✅ Correct Answer: (C) 630 AD
📝 Prophet ﷺ entered Makkah peacefully and forgave his enemies.
Q34. Which battle is known as the last battle of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ?
(A) Battle of Tabuk
(B) Battle of Hunayn
(C) Battle of Khaybar
(D) Battle of Uhud
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Battle of Tabuk
📝 Fought in 631 AD against Byzantine threat, though no major fighting occurred.
Q35. In which year did Prophet Muhammad ﷺ perform his last Hajj?
(A) 630 AD
(B) 631 AD
(C) 632 AD
(D) 633 AD
✅ Correct Answer: (C) 632 AD
📝 This is called the Farewell Pilgrimage (Hajjat-ul-Wida).
Q36. During the Farewell Sermon, Prophet ﷺ emphasized?
(A) Unity & Brotherhood
(B) Rights of Women
(C) End of Interest (Riba)
(D) All of the above
✅ Correct Answer: (D) All of the above
📝 He gave a comprehensive message of justice, equality, and piety.
Q37. Where did Prophet Muhammad ﷺ pass away?
(A) Makkah
(B) Madinah
(C) Ta’if
(D) Jerusalem
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Madinah
📝 He passed away on 12 Rabi-ul-Awwal, 632 AD.
Q38. Where is Prophet Muhammad ﷺ buried?
(A) Masjid al-Haram
(B) Masjid Quba
(C) Masjid an-Nabawi
(D) Al-Aqsa Mosque
✅ Correct Answer: (C) Masjid an-Nabawi
📝 He is buried in the chamber of Ayesha (RA) within Masjid an-Nabawi, Madinah.
Q39. Who led the funeral prayer of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ?
(A) Abu Bakr
(B) Ali
(C) Umar
(D) No one led
✅ Correct Answer: (D) No one led
📝 Muslims prayed individually in groups without an imam.
Q40. How old was Prophet Muhammad ﷺ at the time of his death?
(A) 60 years
(B) 61 years
(C) 62 years
(D) 63 years
✅ Correct Answer: (D) 63 years 📝 He lived a complete life of 63 years.
📘 Islamic History MCQs – Section 2 (Q41–80: Rashidun Caliphs & Early Islamic Expansion)
Q41. Who was the first Caliph after Prophet Muhammad ﷺ?
(A) Umar ibn Khattab
(B) Uthman ibn Affan
(C) Abu Bakr As-Siddiq
(D) Ali ibn Abi Talib
✅ Correct Answer: (C) Abu Bakr As-Siddiq
📝 He ruled from 632–634 AD and united Muslims after the Prophet’s passing.
Q42. Which wars were fought under Abu Bakr’s Caliphate to bring back tribes who left Islam?
(A) Persian Wars
(B) Apostasy (Riddah) Wars
(C) Byzantine Wars
(D) Hunayn Campaign
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Apostasy (Riddah) Wars
📝 Tribes refused zakat after Prophet’s death; Abu Bakr fought to restore unity.
Q43. Who was the second Caliph of Islam?
(A) Uthman ibn Affan
(B) Ali ibn Abi Talib
(C) Umar ibn Khattab
(D) Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan
✅ Correct Answer: (C) Umar ibn Khattab
📝 He ruled from 634–644 AD and expanded the Islamic empire greatly.
Q44. During which Caliph’s reign was Jerusalem conquered?
(A) Abu Bakr
(B) Umar ibn Khattab
(C) Uthman ibn Affan
(D) Ali ibn Abi Talib
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Umar ibn Khattab
📝 The Patriarch Sophronius personally handed the keys of Jerusalem to Umar.
Q45. Who established the Islamic calendar (Hijri Calendar)?
(A) Abu Bakr
(B) Umar ibn Khattab
(C) Uthman ibn Affan
(D) Ali ibn Abi Talib
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Umar ibn Khattab
📝 He fixed 622 AD (Hijra) as the start of the calendar.
Q46. Who was the third Caliph of Islam?
(A) Umar ibn Khattab
(B) Uthman ibn Affan
(C) Ali ibn Abi Talib
(D) Hasan ibn Ali
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Uthman ibn Affan
📝 He ruled from 644–656 AD and was from the Umayyad clan of Quraysh.
Q47. Which Caliph compiled the Qur’an into one official Mushaf?
(A) Abu Bakr
(B) Umar ibn Khattab
(C) Uthman ibn Affan
(D) Ali ibn Abi Talib
✅ Correct Answer: (C) Uthman ibn Affan
📝 He standardized the Qur’an and sent copies to all provinces.
Q48. Who was the fourth Caliph of Islam?
(A) Abu Bakr
(B) Umar ibn Khattab
(C) Uthman ibn Affan
(D) Ali ibn Abi Talib
✅ Correct Answer: (D) Ali ibn Abi Talib
📝 He ruled from 656–661 AD, facing major internal conflicts.
Q49. Which battle was fought between Ali (RA) and Ayesha (RA)?
(A) Battle of Siffin
(B) Battle of Camel
(C) Battle of Nahrawan
(D) Battle of Karbala
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Battle of Camel
📝 Fought in 656 AD at Basra after the killing of Caliph Uthman.
Q50. Which battle took place between Ali (RA) and Muawiyah (RA)?
(A) Battle of Camel
(B) Battle of Siffin
(C) Battle of Tabuk
(D) Battle of Badr
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Battle of Siffin
📝 Fought in 657 AD but ended without a clear victory, leading to arbitration.
Q51. Who assassinated Caliph Ali (RA)?
(A) Kharijite Ibn Muljam
(B) Yazid ibn Muawiyah
(C) Abdullah ibn Zubair
(D) None of these
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Kharijite Ibn Muljam
📝 Ali was struck with a poisoned sword in Kufa in 661 AD.
Q52. Where is Caliph Ali (RA) buried?
(A) Kufa
(B) Karbala
(C) Najaf
(D) Medina
✅ Correct Answer: (C) Najaf
📝 His shrine is in Najaf, Iraq.
Q53. Who was the first Caliph from the Umayyad Dynasty?
(A) Yazid ibn Muawiyah
(B) Marwan ibn Hakam
(C) Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan
(D) Abdul Malik ibn Marwan
✅ Correct Answer: (C) Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan
📝 He established the Umayyad Caliphate in 661 AD with its capital in Damascus.
Q54. The Battle of Karbala took place in which year?
(A) 680 AD
(B) 682 AD
(C) 685 AD
(D) 690 AD
✅ Correct Answer: (A) 680 AD
📝 Hussain ibn Ali (RA) and his companions were martyred by Yazid’s forces.
Q55. Who shifted the Islamic capital from Medina to Damascus?
(A) Umar ibn Khattab
(B) Uthman ibn Affan
(C) Ali ibn Abi Talib
(D) Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan
✅ Correct Answer: (D) Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan
📝 He made Damascus the new administrative center of Islam.
Q56. Which Umayyad Caliph built the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem?
(A) Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan
(B) Umar ibn Abdul Aziz
(C) Walid ibn Abdul Malik
(D) Yazid ibn Muawiyah
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan
📝 Built between 691–692 AD, it remains an iconic Islamic monument.
Q57. Who is known as the “Fifth Rightly Guided Caliph”?
(A) Muawiyah
(B) Umar ibn Abdul Aziz
(C) Abd al-Malik
(D) Harun al-Rashid
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Umar ibn Abdul Aziz
📝 He ruled justly (717–720 AD), reduced taxes, and emphasized social welfare.
Q58. Which Caliph made Arabic the official language of the Islamic Empire?
(A) Abu Bakr
(B) Umar ibn Khattab
(C) Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan
(D) Uthman ibn Affan
✅ Correct Answer: (C) Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan
📝 This unified administration across diverse regions.
Q59. Who introduced the first Islamic coinage?
(A) Umar ibn Khattab
(B) Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan
(C) Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan
(D) Harun al-Rashid
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan
📝 He replaced Byzantine and Persian coins with purely Islamic design.
Q60. Which Umayyad Caliph expanded Islam into Spain?
(A) Walid ibn Abdul Malik
(B) Yazid ibn Muawiyah
(C) Umar ibn Abdul Aziz
(D) Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Walid ibn Abdul Malik
📝 Under his reign, Muslim armies crossed into Spain in 711 AD.
Q61. Who led the Muslim conquest of Spain?
(A) Musa ibn Nusayr
(B) Tariq ibn Ziyad
(C) Khalid ibn Walid
(D) Abu Ubaidah ibn Jarrah
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Tariq ibn Ziyad
📝 He defeated the Visigoths at the Battle of Guadalete in 711 AD.
Q62. Which mountain in Spain is named after Tariq ibn Ziyad?
(A) Gibraltar
(B) Sierra Nevada
(C) Pyrenees
(D) Alhambra
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Gibraltar
📝 “Jabal al-Tariq” (Mountain of Tariq) later became Gibraltar.
Q63. Who was the military genius called the “Sword of Allah”?
(A) Khalid ibn Walid
(B) Abu Ubaidah ibn Jarrah
(C) Sa’d ibn Abi Waqqas
(D) Amr ibn al-As
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Khalid ibn Walid
📝 He never lost a battle, leading victories in Yarmouk and Qadisiyyah.
Q64. Which battle led to Muslim victory over the Byzantine Empire in Syria?
(A) Battle of Yarmouk
(B) Battle of Uhud
(C) Battle of Badr
(D) Battle of Hunayn
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Battle of Yarmouk
📝 Fought in 636 AD under Khalid ibn Walid, securing Syria for Islam.
Q65. Which battle opened Persia to Muslim rule?
(A) Battle of Nahrawan
(B) Battle of Qadisiyyah
(C) Battle of Camel
(D) Battle of Tabuk
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Battle of Qadisiyyah
📝 Fought in 636 AD, leading to capture of Ctesiphon, Persian capital.
Q66. Who conquered Egypt for Islam?
(A) Khalid ibn Walid
(B) Amr ibn al-As
(C) Tariq ibn Ziyad
(D) Musa ibn Nusayr
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Amr ibn al-As
📝 He captured Alexandria in 642 AD, making Egypt part of the Islamic Empire.
Q67. Which Caliph was known for his justice and simplicity?
(A) Abu Bakr
(B) Umar ibn Khattab
(C) Uthman ibn Affan
(D) Ali ibn Abi Talib
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Umar ibn Khattab
📝 He lived a simple life, set up welfare institutions, and was called “Al-Faruq.”
Q68. Who conquered Jerusalem for Islam?
(A) Khalid ibn Walid
(B) Umar ibn Khattab
(C) Uthman ibn Affan
(D) Ali ibn Abi Talib
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Umar ibn Khattab
📝 He personally visited Jerusalem in 637 AD to receive its surrender.
Q69. Which Caliph was martyred while leading Fajr prayer?
(A) Abu Bakr
(B) Umar ibn Khattab
(C) Uthman ibn Affan
(D) Ali ibn Abi Talib
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Umar ibn Khattab
📝 He was assassinated by a Persian slave, Abu Lulu, in 644 AD.
Q70. Which Caliph was assassinated while reading the Qur’an?
(A) Abu Bakr
(B) Umar ibn Khattab
(C) Uthman ibn Affan
(D) Ali ibn Abi Talib
✅ Correct Answer: (C) Uthman ibn Affan
📝 He was killed in 656 AD at his home in Madinah.
Q71. Who was the Prophet’s close companion known as “the scribe of revelation”?
(A) Zaid ibn Thabit
(B) Abdullah ibn Masud
(C) Abu Hurairah
(D) Ubayy ibn Ka’b
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Zaid ibn Thabit
📝 He wrote down Qur’anic revelations as dictated by the Prophet ﷺ.
Q72. Who narrated the most hadiths among the Sahaba?
(A) Abu Hurairah
(B) Abdullah ibn Umar
(C) Ayesha (RA)
(D) Anas ibn Malik
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Abu Hurairah
📝 He narrated over 5300 hadiths.
Q73. Who conquered Sindh for Islam?
(A) Tariq ibn Ziyad
(B) Muhammad bin Qasim
(C) Khalid ibn Walid
(D) Musa ibn Nusayr
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Muhammad bin Qasim
📝 In 712 AD, he defeated Raja Dahir and established Muslim rule in Sindh.
Q74. Who was the Caliph when Islam entered Sindh?
(A) Umar ibn Khattab
(B) Uthman ibn Affan
(C) Al-Walid ibn Abdul Malik
(D) Ali ibn Abi Talib
✅ Correct Answer: (C) Al-Walid ibn Abdul Malik
📝 He ruled 705–715 AD during Muhammad bin Qasim’s conquest.
Q75. The famous battle of “Tours” (732 AD) was fought between Muslims and?
(A) Romans
(B) French (Franks)
(C) Germans
(D) Byzantines
✅ Correct Answer: (B) French (Franks)
📝 Charles Martel defeated Muslims, halting expansion into Europe.
Q76. Who was the leader of Muslims at the Battle of Tours?
(A) Tariq ibn Ziyad
(B) Abd al-Rahman al-Ghafiqi
(C) Musa ibn Nusayr
(D) Amr ibn al-As
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Abd al-Rahman al-Ghafiqi
📝 He was martyred in the battle.
Q77. Which Umayyad prince escaped Abbasid persecution and founded rule in Spain?
(A) Abd al-Rahman I
(B) Abd al-Rahman III
(C) Al-Hakam II
(D) Al-Mansur
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Abd al-Rahman I
📝 He established the Emirate of Córdoba in 756 AD.
Q78. Which dynasty replaced the Umayyads in the East (750 AD)?
(A) Fatimids
(B) Abbasids
(C) Seljuks
(D) Ottomans
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Abbasids
📝 They shifted the capital to Baghdad, marking the Golden Age of Islam.
Q79. Who was the first Abbasid Caliph?
(A) Harun al-Rashid
(B) Abu al-Abbas as-Saffah
(C) Al-Mansur
(D) Al-Mahdi
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Abu al-Abbas as-Saffah
📝 He ruled from 750–754 AD, beginning Abbasid dominance.
Q80. Which Abbasid Caliph founded the city of Baghdad?
(A) Harun al-Rashid
(B) Al-Mansur
(C) Al-Mahdi
(D) Al-Mutawakkil
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Al-Mansur
📝 He founded Baghdad in 762 AD, which became a global center of knowledge.
📘 Islamic History MCQs – Section 3 (Q81–120: Abbasid Golden Age, Muslim Spain & Later Dynasties)
Q81. Which Abbasid Caliph is most associated with the Golden Age of Islam?
(A) Al-Mansur
(B) Harun al-Rashid
(C) Al-Mahdi
(D) Al-Mutawakkil
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Harun al-Rashid
📝 His reign (786–809 AD) saw flourishing science, literature, and Baghdad’s rise as a cultural hub.
Q82. Who was the Abbasid Caliph famous for establishing the House of Wisdom in Baghdad?
(A) Al-Mansur
(B) Al-Ma’mun
(C) Harun al-Rashid
(D) Al-Mutawakkil
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Al-Ma’mun
📝 The Bayt al-Hikmah became a center for translation, science, and philosophy.
Q83. Who was the famous Muslim mathematician known as the “father of algebra”?
(A) Al-Razi
(B) Ibn Sina
(C) Al-Khwarizmi
(D) Al-Farabi
✅ Correct Answer: (C) Al-Khwarizmi
📝 His book “Kitab al-Jabr” gave birth to modern algebra.
Q84. Which Abbasid Caliph was known for persecuting philosophers and banning Greek works?
(A) Al-Ma’mun
(B) Al-Mutawakkil
(C) Harun al-Rashid
(D) Al-Mansur
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Al-Mutawakkil
📝 He reversed the policy of openness towards philosophy and imposed orthodoxy.
Q85. Who is called the “Prince of Physicians”?
(A) Al-Razi
(B) Ibn Sina (Avicenna)
(C) Al-Farabi
(D) Ibn Khaldun
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Ibn Sina (Avicenna)
📝 His book “Al-Qanun fi al-Tibb” (Canon of Medicine) was a medical reference in Europe for centuries.
Q86. Which Muslim philosopher is called the “Second Teacher” after Aristotle?
(A) Ibn Sina
(B) Ibn Rushd
(C) Al-Farabi
(D) Al-Ghazali
✅ Correct Answer: (C) Al-Farabi
📝 He contributed to logic, political philosophy, and music theory.
Q87. Who wrote “Muqaddimah,” a pioneering work on history and sociology?
(A) Ibn Sina
(B) Ibn Rushd
(C) Al-Ghazali
(D) Ibn Khaldun
✅ Correct Answer: (D) Ibn Khaldun
📝 Often called the father of sociology, his work analyzed rise and fall of civilizations.
Q88. Which Abbasid Caliph was ruling when the Mongols sacked Baghdad in 1258?
(A) Al-Mustansir
(B) Al-Mu’tasim
(C) Al-Musta’sim
(D) Al-Mahdi
✅ Correct Answer: (C) Al-Musta’sim
📝 Baghdad fell to Hulagu Khan, ending Abbasid power in the city.
Q89. Which city became the new seat of the Abbasid Caliphate under Mamluk protection after 1258?
(A) Cairo
(B) Damascus
(C) Samarkand
(D) Granada
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Cairo
📝 The Abbasid Caliphate continued in name under the Mamluks in Egypt.
Q90. Who was the last Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad killed by the Mongols?
(A) Al-Muqtadir
(B) Al-Musta’sim
(C) Al-Mustansir
(D) Al-Mahdi
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Al-Musta’sim
📝 He was executed by Hulagu Khan in 1258 AD.
Q91. When did Muslims enter Spain?
(A) 710 AD
(B) 711 AD
(C) 720 AD
(D) 732 AD
✅ Correct Answer: (B) 711 AD
📝 Led by Tariq ibn Ziyad, Muslims crossed into Iberia.
Q92. Which Muslim general defeated the Visigoth king Roderic at the Battle of Guadalete?
(A) Musa ibn Nusayr
(B) Tariq ibn Ziyad
(C) Amr ibn al-As
(D) Khalid ibn Walid
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Tariq ibn Ziyad
📝 This victory opened Spain to Islamic rule.
Q93. What was the capital of Muslim Spain (Al-Andalus)?
(A) Granada
(B) Toledo
(C) Córdoba
(D) Seville
✅ Correct Answer: (C) Córdoba
📝 It became a leading cultural and intellectual center of Europe.
Q94. Which Umayyad ruler in Spain declared himself Caliph?
(A) Abd al-Rahman I
(B) Abd al-Rahman III
(C) Al-Hakam II
(D) Al-Mansur
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Abd al-Rahman III
📝 He declared the Caliphate of Córdoba in 929 AD.
Q95. Which Muslim ruler of Spain was known for his support of science and translation?
(A) Al-Hakam II
(B) Abd al-Rahman III
(C) Al-Mansur
(D) Tariq ibn Ziyad
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Al-Hakam II
📝 He expanded Córdoba’s library and encouraged scholars.
Q96. Who was the last Muslim ruler of Granada, defeated in 1492?
(A) Abd al-Rahman III
(B) Al-Hakam II
(C) Boabdil (Muhammad XII)
(D) Tariq ibn Ziyad
✅ Correct Answer: (C) Boabdil (Muhammad XII)
📝 He surrendered Granada to Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain.
Q97. Which event in 1492 marked the end of Muslim rule in Spain?
(A) Fall of Seville
(B) Fall of Granada
(C) Fall of Toledo
(D) Fall of Córdoba
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Fall of Granada
📝 This ended 800 years of Muslim presence in Spain.
Q98. Which architectural masterpiece in Spain is a symbol of Islamic heritage?
(A) Alhambra Palace
(B) Great Mosque of Damascus
(C) Dome of the Rock
(D) Hagia Sophia
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Alhambra Palace
📝 Built in Granada, it reflects the beauty of Islamic art and architecture.
Q99. The Great Mosque of Córdoba was later converted into?
(A) A palace
(B) A church (Cathedral)
(C) A university
(D) A fortress
✅ Correct Answer: (B) A church (Cathedral)
📝 After the Reconquista, it was converted into the Cathedral of Córdoba.
Q100. Which Christian kingdoms led the Reconquista against Muslims in Spain?
(A) France & Germany
(B) Castile, Aragon, and León
(C) Portugal & Italy
(D) England & France
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Castile, Aragon, and León
📝 These kingdoms gradually pushed Muslims out of Iberia.
Q101. Who was the famous Muslim philosopher from Spain known as Averroes?
(A) Ibn Khaldun
(B) Ibn Sina
(C) Ibn Rushd
(D) Al-Farabi
✅ Correct Answer: (C) Ibn Rushd
📝 He wrote commentaries on Aristotle that influenced European thought.
Q102. Who was the Jewish philosopher in Muslim Spain known for “Guide for the Perplexed”?
(A) Maimonides
(B) Al-Farabi
(C) Al-Kindi
(D) Ibn Hazm
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Maimonides
📝 He lived under Muslim rule and contributed to Jewish philosophy.
Q103. Which dynasty succeeded the Umayyads in Spain?
(A) Abbasids
(B) Almoravids
(C) Fatimids
(D) Ottomans
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Almoravids
📝 They came from North Africa to defend Al-Andalus.
Q104. Which dynasty followed the Almoravids in Spain?
(A) Abbasids
(B) Almohads
(C) Fatimids
(D) Ottomans
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Almohads
📝 They also came from North Africa and ruled parts of Spain and Morocco.
Q105. Which battle in 1212 was a turning point in the Reconquista?
(A) Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa
(B) Battle of Tours
(C) Battle of Guadalete
(D) Battle of Yarmouk
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa
📝 Christian forces defeated the Almohads, accelerating Muslim decline in Spain.
📘 Islamic History MCQs – Section 4 (Q106–120: Later Dynasties, Ottoman Rise & Thinkers)
Q106. Who was the founder of the Ottoman Empire?
(A) Osman I
(B) Mehmed II
(C) Suleiman the Magnificent
(D) Murad I
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Osman I
📝 He established the dynasty around 1299, from whom the name “Ottoman” comes.
Q107. Which Ottoman Sultan conquered Constantinople in 1453?
(A) Murad II
(B) Mehmed II
(C) Suleiman I
(D) Bayezid I
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Mehmed II
📝 Known as “Mehmed the Conqueror,” he transformed Constantinople into Istanbul.
Q108. Which Ottoman Sultan is called “Suleiman the Magnificent”?
(A) Suleiman I
(B) Suleiman II
(C) Murad III
(D) Selim I
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Suleiman I
📝 He expanded Ottoman power to its greatest territorial extent in the 16th century.
Q109. The famous legal reforms in the Ottoman Empire are called?
(A) Sharia
(B) Kanun
(C) Tanzimat
(D) Majalla
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Kanun
📝 Suleiman codified laws combining Islamic Sharia and state laws.
Q110. The Tanzimat Reforms in the Ottoman Empire started in which century?
(A) 16th
(B) 17th
(C) 18th
(D) 19th
✅ Correct Answer: (D) 19th
📝 Introduced modernization in administration, law, and education.
Q111. Who was the last Caliph of the Ottoman Empire?
(A) Abdul Hamid II
(B) Mehmed VI
(C) Suleiman II
(D) Murad V
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Mehmed VI
📝 He was deposed in 1924 when Mustafa Kemal Atatürk abolished the Caliphate.
Q112. Which famous battle in 1571 saw the Ottoman navy defeated by European powers?
(A) Battle of Lepanto
(B) Battle of Tours
(C) Battle of Kosovo
(D) Battle of Mohács
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Battle of Lepanto
📝 A major naval battle where the Holy League defeated the Ottoman fleet.
Q113. Who was the founder of the Safavid dynasty in Persia?
(A) Shah Ismail I
(B) Shah Abbas I
(C) Shah Tahmasp
(D) Shah Nader
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Shah Ismail I
📝 He established Shia Islam as the state religion in Persia.
Q114. Which Safavid ruler is called “Shah Abbas the Great”?
(A) Shah Ismail I
(B) Shah Abbas I
(C) Shah Tahmasp
(D) Nader Shah
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Shah Abbas I
📝 He strengthened the Safavid Empire and made Isfahan a cultural center.
Q115. Who was the founder of the Mughal Empire in India?
(A) Akbar
(B) Babur
(C) Humayun
(D) Sher Shah Suri
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Babur
📝 He defeated Ibrahim Lodi at the Battle of Panipat in 1526.
Q116. Akbar the Great introduced which policy for religious tolerance?
(A) Sulh-i-Kul
(B) Din-i-Ilahi
(C) Mansabdari System
(D) Iqta System
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Sulh-i-Kul
📝 “Peace with all” promoted tolerance and inclusion of Hindus in administration.
Q117. The Mughal Emperor who built the Taj Mahal was?
(A) Akbar
(B) Jahangir
(C) Shah Jahan
(D) Aurangzeb
✅ Correct Answer: (C) Shah Jahan
📝 He built it in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal.
Q118. Aurangzeb is most remembered for?
(A) Expansion of Mughal Empire to its largest extent
(B) Religious tolerance
(C) Translation of Mahabharata
(D) Building of Fatehpur Sikri
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Expansion of Mughal Empire to its largest extent
📝 Though controversial, he expanded Mughal rule across most of India.
Q119. Who is regarded as the father of modern Islamic political thought?
(A) Al-Mawardi
(B) Jamal al-Din al-Afghani
(C) Al-Farabi
(D) Ibn Khaldun
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Jamal al-Din al-Afghani
📝 He inspired Pan-Islamism and anti-colonial movements in the 19th century.
Q120. Who wrote “Revival of Religious Sciences” (Ihya Ulum al-Din)?
(A) Ibn Taymiyyah
(B) Al-Ghazali
(C) Ibn Rushd
(D) Al-Farabi
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Al-Ghazali
📝 His work combined mysticism, philosophy, and Islamic law, shaping Sunni orthodoxy.
✅ Why This Post is Valuable?
- Covers 120+ Solved MCQs with explanations (not just answers).
- Written in easy language for quick revision.
- Designed for CSS/PMS students and general test aspirants.
- Provides historical background to strengthen concept-building.
📌 Final Note for Students
Islamic History is not only important for CSS and PMS optional subjects but also for one-paper exams and general knowledge tests. By practicing these MCQs, aspirants can strengthen their preparation for upcoming exams.