Boost your forestry knowledge with 100+ solved Agroforestry MCQs. Learn about agroforestry systems, trees, soil management, climate benefits, and sustainable farming practices. Perfect for competitive exams, students, and forestry enthusiasts in Pakistan and worldwide.
📌 Section 1: Introduction to Agroforestry
1. Agroforestry is defined as:
(A) Growing crops only
(B) Combining trees, crops, and/or livestock on the same land
(C) Grazing lands only
(D) Planting forests in cities
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Agroforestry integrates trees with crops/livestock for multiple benefits.
2. The main objective of agroforestry is:
(A) Only timber production
(B) Sustainable land use and livelihood improvement
(C) Only fuelwood production
(D) Increasing deforestation
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Agroforestry ensures sustainability, income, and environmental protection.
3. Agroforestry differs from social forestry because:
(A) Agroforestry is on farmlands, while social forestry focuses on community needs
(B) Agroforestry is only urban forestry
(C) Both are same
(D) Social forestry includes livestock integration
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Agroforestry is farmer-oriented, social forestry is community-oriented.
4. Alley cropping refers to:
(A) Growing trees along farm boundaries
(B) Planting trees in rows with crops in between
(C) Only growing shrubs
(D) Plantation in deserts
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: In alley cropping, crops are grown between tree rows for mutual benefits.
5. The main role of agroforestry in climate change mitigation is:
(A) Deforestation
(B) Carbon sequestration and reducing greenhouse gases
(C) Increasing soil erosion
(D) Desertification
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Trees in agroforestry capture CO₂ and enhance soil carbon storage.
6. Shelterbelts are used for:
(A) Timber only
(B) Protecting crops/fields from wind and soil erosion
(C) Providing shade only
(D) Pulp production
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Shelterbelts reduce wind velocity and prevent erosion.
7. Windbreaks are different from shelterbelts because:
(A) Windbreaks are single-row plantations, shelterbelts are multi-row
(B) Shelterbelts are always urban plantations
(C) Windbreaks are for water only
(D) Both are same
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Windbreaks = 1 row; Shelterbelts = multiple rows of trees/shrubs.
8. The first Agroforestry Policy of Pakistan was announced in:
(A) 1990
(B) 2004
(C) 2015
(D) 2020
Correct Answer: (C)
Explanation: The 2015 National Agroforestry Policy encouraged farm forestry.
9. Taungya system is:
(A) Only grazing in forests
(B) Growing agricultural crops during early years of plantation
(C) Cultivating fruit orchards only
(D) Silviculture without crops
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Taungya integrates forestry with food crops in early stages.
10. Agroforestry contributes to food security by:
(A) Providing shade only
(B) Enhancing soil fertility, crop yield, and income
(C) Reducing farming land
(D) Forest-only production
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Agroforestry increases agricultural productivity and resilience.
📌 Section 2: Agroforestry Systems
11. The three main agroforestry systems are:
(A) Agrisilviculture, Silvopastoral, Agrosilvopastoral
(B) Agroecology, Forestry, Gardening
(C) Social forestry, Farm forestry, Urban forestry
(D) Pure plantations
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: These three cover trees with crops, livestock, or both.
12. Agrisilviculture means:
(A) Growing crops + trees
(B) Growing livestock only
(C) Grazing without trees
(D) Monocropping
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Agrisilviculture integrates trees and crops.
13. Silvopastoral system means:
(A) Only timber plantations
(B) Trees with livestock grazing
(C) Crops with livestock only
(D) No tree integration
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Silvopastoral mixes trees and grazing animals.
14. Agrosilvopastoral system includes:
(A) Trees + crops + livestock
(B) Crops + fisheries
(C) Only fodder production
(D) Urban plantations
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: It is a combination of all three components.
15. Boundary planting in agroforestry means:
(A) Growing crops in rows
(B) Planting trees along field boundaries
(C) Growing trees only in urban belts
(D) Forest nurseries
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Boundary planting provides shade, fuelwood, and fencing.
16. Block plantations are:
(A) Scattered trees on farms
(B) Trees planted in compact blocks on farmland
(C) Shelterbelts only
(D) Wild forests
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Block plantations maximize wood production on farms.
17. Home gardens are typical examples of:
(A) Agroforestry system
(B) Urban forestry
(C) Commercial forestry
(D) Social forestry only
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Home gardens mix fruit trees, vegetables, and small livestock.
18. Which agroforestry system is most suitable in dry areas of Pakistan?
(A) Poplar-based system
(B) Acacia-based silvopastoral systems
(C) Deodar plantations
(D) Alpine forestry
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Acacia provides fodder and shade in arid areas.
19. Improved fallows in agroforestry mean:
(A) Leaving land empty
(B) Planting nitrogen-fixing trees during fallow periods
(C) Soil sterilization
(D) Planting crops only
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Improves soil fertility using leguminous trees.
20. The most common agroforestry trees in Punjab are:
(A) Poplar, Eucalyptus, Shisham
(B) Deodar, Oak, Fir
(C) Mango, Orange, Guava
(D) Acacia only
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Poplar and Eucalyptus dominate farm plantations in Punjab.
📌 Section 3: Trees in Agroforestry
21. Which tree is known as the “farmers’ friend” in agroforestry?
(A) Neem
(B) Acacia nilotica
(C) Leucaena leucocephala
(D) Poplar
Correct Answer: (C)
Explanation: Leucaena fixes nitrogen, improves soil, and provides fodder/firewood.
22. Nitrogen-fixing trees in agroforestry include:
(A) Poplar and Eucalyptus
(B) Acacia, Albizia, Leucaena
(C) Deodar and Pine
(D) Mango and Guava
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: These legumes enrich soil fertility naturally.
23. Poplar is most widely planted in:
(A) Sindh
(B) Punjab
(C) Balochistan
(D) Gilgit-Baltistan
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Poplar thrives in Punjab’s irrigated farmlands.
24. The fast-growing exotic tree widely planted under farm forestry in Pakistan is:
(A) Acacia arabica
(B) Eucalyptus camaldulensis
(C) Mango
(D) Mulberry
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Eucalyptus is popular due to rapid growth and high demand.
25. Multipurpose tree species (MPTS) in agroforestry are grown for:
(A) Only timber
(B) Timber, fodder, fuelwood, shade, soil fertility
(C) Wildlife only
(D) Ornamentals
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: MPTS fulfill multiple needs of rural communities.
26. Morus alba (white mulberry) is important in agroforestry for:
(A) Fodder and sericulture (silk industry)
(B) Timber production only
(C) Fruit production only
(D) Shade for crops
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Mulberry supports silkworm rearing and livestock fodder.
27. Azadirachta indica (Neem) is valued in agroforestry because:
(A) Shade only
(B) Medicinal, insecticidal, and soil protection properties
(C) Used only for wood
(D) Only ornamental
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Neem is eco-friendly and widely used in agroforestry.
28. Agroforestry improves livestock production by:
(A) Decreasing fodder
(B) Providing fodder trees, shade, and shelter
(C) Increasing land degradation
(D) Reducing grazing land
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Trees like Acacia and Leucaena provide fodder and shade.
29. Which agroforestry tree is most water-demanding?
(A) Poplar
(B) Acacia
(C) Neem
(D) Mulberry
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Poplar requires irrigation and high water availability.
30. Agroforestry systems in arid regions mainly depend on:
(A) Irrigated eucalyptus plantations
(B) Drought-resistant trees like Prosopis and Acacia
(C) Alpine forestry practices
(D) Pine plantations
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Acacia and Prosopis survive dry climates with little water.
📌 Section 4: Benefits of Agroforestry
31. The environmental benefits of agroforestry include:
(A) Deforestation and erosion
(B) Soil conservation, biodiversity, carbon sequestration
(C) Only timber production
(D) Urbanization
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Agroforestry improves soils, ecosystems, and reduces GHG emissions.
32. Agroforestry reduces soil erosion by:
(A) Increasing water runoff
(B) Stabilizing soil with tree roots and canopy cover
(C) Removing ground cover
(D) None of these
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Trees bind soil and protect it from wind/water erosion.
33. The economic role of agroforestry includes:
(A) Providing alternative income from timber, fruits, and fodder
(B) Decreasing farm income
(C) Limiting food crops
(D) Creating unemployment
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Agroforestry diversifies and stabilizes farm incomes.
34. Agroforestry supports biodiversity by:
(A) Promoting monoculture
(B) Providing habitats, corridors, and diverse species
(C) Reducing all wildlife
(D) Soil degradation
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Mixed plantations maintain biodiversity.
35. Agroforestry contributes to sustainable agriculture because:
(A) It relies only on chemicals
(B) It integrates ecological balance, productivity, and sustainability
(C) It is anti-environmental
(D) It reduces soil fertility
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Trees recycle nutrients, regulate water, and support long-term farming.
36. Agroforestry increases resilience to climate shocks by:
(A) Reducing crop diversity
(B) Diversifying income sources and improving microclimate
(C) Increasing vulnerability
(D) Deforestation
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Shade, soil moisture, and income diversification reduce risk.
37. Agroforestry contributes to SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) by:
(A) Only reducing poverty
(B) Improving food security, climate action, biodiversity conservation
(C) Opposing sustainability
(D) Reducing education access
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Agroforestry touches SDGs 1, 2, 13, and 15 directly.
38. Which agroforestry system helps reduce desertification?
(A) Agro-silvopastoral systems
(B) Alpine forestry
(C) Pure eucalyptus blocks
(D) Urban plantations
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Trees + crops + livestock maintain productivity in arid zones.
39. Agroforestry improves groundwater recharge by:
(A) Reducing infiltration
(B) Increasing infiltration through tree roots and organic matter
(C) Concrete farming
(D) Decreasing rainfall
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Roots improve infiltration and groundwater levels.
40. Which agroforestry practice enhances pollination services?
(A) Planting insecticide-heavy crops
(B) Planting flowering trees along farms
(C) Monoculture only
(D) Fallow land
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Flowering trees attract bees and pollinators.
📌 Section 5: Agroforestry Practices in Pakistan
41. Which tree is most commonly grown in wheat-based agroforestry in Punjab?
(A) Eucalyptus
(B) Poplar
(C) Neem
(D) Acacia
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Poplar grows fast, matches wheat harvest cycles, and provides high market value timber.
42. The primary benefit of Eucalyptus in agroforestry is:
(A) Shade only
(B) Rapid growth, high adaptability, fuelwood supply
(C) High fruit production
(D) Fodder quality
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Eucalyptus is widely used in canal colonies for firewood and timber.
43. Which region of Pakistan has the highest potential for agroforestry due to irrigated agriculture?
(A) Punjab
(B) Sindh
(C) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
(D) Balochistan
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Punjab’s irrigated land supports large-scale agroforestry projects.
44. Boundary plantations in agroforestry mean:
(A) Planting crops on field boundaries
(B) Planting trees around the edges of farmland
(C) Protecting urban parks
(D) Planting trees inside forests only
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Farmers use field boundaries for timber trees like eucalyptus and poplar.
45. Shelterbelts are planted in agroforestry for:
(A) Wildlife protection
(B) Windbreaks and soil conservation
(C) Shade for cities
(D) Timber trade
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Shelterbelts reduce wind erosion and protect crops.
46. Which agroforestry practice is widely used in desert areas?
(A) Strip cropping
(B) Sand dune stabilization with trees
(C) Hydroponics
(D) Intensive irrigation
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Prosopis and Acacia are planted to stabilize sand dunes.
47. The “farm woodlot” system refers to:
(A) Large-scale commercial plantations
(B) Small tree plantations on farms for fuel and timber
(C) Urban parks
(D) Natural forests
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Farmers plant woodlots to meet local household needs.
48. The main tree species grown in agroforestry in Sindh is:
(A) Poplar
(B) Acacia nilotica (Kikar)
(C) Pine
(D) Neem
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Kikar thrives in Sindh’s irrigated and semi-arid areas.
49. Agroforestry in northern Pakistan is mainly practiced for:
(A) Timber trade only
(B) Fuelwood, fodder, slope stabilization
(C) Industrial wood
(D) Urban landscaping
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Steep slopes and rural dependency make agroforestry essential in hilly regions.
50. Which international program promotes agroforestry in developing countries?
(A) FAO’s Farm Forestry Program
(B) WHO Health Program
(C) ILO Forestry Program
(D) WTO Agro Trade Plan
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: FAO promotes farm and community forestry for rural development.
📌 Section 6: Systems of Agroforestry
51. Silvopastoral system combines:
(A) Trees + Crops
(B) Trees + Livestock
(C) Trees + Fish farming
(D) Trees + Urban development
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Trees provide fodder and shade for livestock while improving soil.
52. Agrosilviculture system includes:
(A) Trees + Crops
(B) Trees + Livestock
(C) Only natural forests
(D) Industrial plantations
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Agrosilviculture is the simplest agroforestry system combining trees and crops.
53. Agrosilvopastoral system is:
(A) Trees + Crops + Livestock
(B) Crops + Fish
(C) Urban parks
(D) Timber only
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: This integrated system maximizes land use efficiency.
54. Taungya system originated in:
(A) Myanmar (Burma)
(B) India
(C) Pakistan
(D) Nepal
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Farmers cultivate crops alongside young forest plantations until canopy closure.
55. Alley cropping is:
(A) Growing trees in alleys between buildings
(B) Growing crops between rows of trees
(C) Grazing animals only
(D) Interplanting fruit trees only
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Trees in rows provide shade, mulch, and nitrogen for crops.
56. Boundary planting is a common practice in:
(A) Rice fields of Sindh
(B) Wheat farms of Punjab
(C) Mountain terraces of Gilgit
(D) Urban centers
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Poplar and eucalyptus are planted along Punjab’s field boundaries.
57. The purpose of home gardens in agroforestry is:
(A) Only ornamental
(B) Production of fruits, vegetables, timber, and medicine for household use
(C) Timber export
(D) Industrial farming
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Home gardens provide diverse products for families.
58. Aquaforestry refers to:
(A) Trees + Fish farming
(B) Trees + Goats
(C) Trees + Crops
(D) Trees + Urban development
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Combining trees with fish ponds ensures efficient land use.
59. Which agroforestry system is most suitable for mountainous areas?
(A) Alley cropping
(B) Terrace agroforestry
(C) Industrial plantations
(D) Urban forestry
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Terrace systems prevent erosion and stabilize slopes in mountains.
60. Which system improves soil fertility naturally through leguminous trees?
(A) Agro-silvopastoral system
(B) Alley cropping with leguminous trees
(C) Urban parks
(D) Shelterbelts
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Leguminous species like Leucaena fix nitrogen and improve soils.
📌 Section 7: Soil, Water, and Climate in Agroforestry
61. Which tree is best for soil nitrogen fixation in agroforestry?
(A) Poplar
(B) Leucaena leucocephala
(C) Eucalyptus
(D) Chir pine
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Leucaena is a leguminous tree that fixes nitrogen and improves soil fertility.
62. Agroforestry helps in reducing soil erosion through:
(A) Tree roots binding soil
(B) Increasing crop irrigation
(C) Removing vegetation
(D) Burning residues
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Tree roots stabilize soil and prevent erosion.
63. Which system conserves water in arid areas?
(A) Windbreaks and shelterbelts
(B) Hydroponics
(C) Strip cropping
(D) Urban plantations
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Shelterbelts reduce evaporation and wind speed, conserving soil moisture.
64. In saline soils, the most tolerant tree is:
(A) Poplar
(B) Tamarix
(C) Chir pine
(D) Deodar
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Tamarix thrives in saline and waterlogged conditions.
65. Which tree is best for dryland agroforestry?
(A) Neem
(B) Poplar
(C) Pine
(D) Willow
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Neem tolerates drought and provides shade, timber, and medicine.
66. Multipurpose trees are used in agroforestry because:
(A) Only for timber
(B) Provide timber, fuelwood, fodder, fruits, and medicine
(C) Provide shade only
(D) Improve only soil
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Multipurpose trees increase farm productivity and reduce dependence on markets.
67. Alley cropping reduces soil degradation by:
(A) Providing mulch and nutrients from tree leaves
(B) Removing weeds completely
(C) Burning residues
(D) Stopping rainfall infiltration
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Tree leaves act as mulch, conserving soil moisture and fertility.
68. Agroforestry improves microclimate by:
(A) Increasing wind speed
(B) Reducing evaporation and temperature extremes
(C) Blocking rainfall
(D) None of these
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Trees create favorable microclimates for crops.
69. Which is the best species for sand dune stabilization in Thar desert?
(A) Prosopis juliflora
(B) Poplar
(C) Chir pine
(D) Willow
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Prosopis grows in sandy soils and stabilizes dunes.
70. Which tree in Pakistan is commonly grown to reclaim waterlogged areas?
(A) Eucalyptus
(B) Poplar
(C) Acacia
(D) Neem
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Eucalyptus absorbs large amounts of water and reduces waterlogging.
📌 Section 8: Socio-Economic Importance
71. Agroforestry helps small farmers mainly by:
(A) Increasing input costs
(B) Providing multiple sources of income
(C) Reducing crop yield only
(D) Limiting land use
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Farmers earn from timber, fruits, fodder, and crops together.
72. Farm forestry differs from agroforestry because:
(A) Farm forestry is tree planting for household use; agroforestry integrates crops and trees
(B) Farm forestry is commercial only
(C) Agroforestry excludes crops
(D) Both are identical
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Agroforestry is broader and includes integrated farming systems.
73. Which agroforestry tree is highly profitable in Pakistan for furniture making?
(A) Poplar
(B) Eucalyptus
(C) Neem
(D) Tamarix
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Poplar wood is widely used in Pakistan’s furniture and sports goods industry.
74. The main reason farmers adopt boundary plantations is:
(A) Beautification
(B) Income from sale of timber and fuelwood
(C) To block sunlight for crops
(D) Government rules
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Trees provide cash income and protect crops from wind.
75. Which tree provides both gum and fodder in agroforestry systems?
(A) Acacia nilotica
(B) Poplar
(C) Willow
(D) Neem
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Acacia provides gum arabic and leaves for fodder.
76. Which agroforestry tree is known as “poor man’s timber”?
(A) Eucalyptus
(B) Poplar
(C) Bamboo
(D) Neem
Correct Answer: (C)
Explanation: Bamboo grows fast and provides cheap construction material.
77. The role of agroforestry in poverty alleviation is mainly through:
(A) Employment, food security, and energy supply
(B) Limiting land use
(C) Reducing biodiversity
(D) Expensive technologies
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Agroforestry supports rural livelihoods through multiple benefits.
78. Which fruit trees are most suitable for agroforestry in Punjab?
(A) Mango, Guava, Citrus
(B) Apple, Walnut
(C) Pine, Fir
(D) Cherry, Apricot
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Mango, guava, and citrus integrate well with field crops.
79. A key social benefit of agroforestry is:
(A) Stronger rural community ties and food security
(B) Isolation of farmers
(C) Urban development only
(D) Reduced biodiversity
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Agroforestry promotes cooperation, employment, and security.
80. In Pakistan, the main government program supporting agroforestry is:
(A) Billion Tree Afforestation Project
(B) Urban Green Plan
(C) Cotton-Wheat Program
(D) None of these
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab projects promote agroforestry under BTAP.
📌 Section 9: Agroforestry Research and Development
81. The leading agroforestry research institute in Pakistan is:
(A) Pakistan Forest Institute (PFI), Peshawar
(B) PCSIR Lahore
(C) SUPARCO
(D) NESCOM
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: PFI conducts research on tree-crop combinations and management.
82. ICRAF stands for:
(A) International Centre for Research in Agroforestry
(B) International Climate Research Association of Forestry
(C) Indian Council for Rural Agroforestry
(D) None of these
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: ICRAF (now World Agroforestry) promotes agroforestry globally.
83. The main goal of agroforestry extension programs is:
(A) Spread awareness and technical knowledge to farmers
(B) Only commercial farming
(C) Reduce crop cultivation
(D) Limit forestry to government land
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Extension programs train farmers in agroforestry practices.
84. The first Agroforestry Policy in Pakistan was introduced in:
(A) 2015
(B) 2016
(C) 2017
(D) 2019
Correct Answer: (C)
Explanation: Agroforestry Policy 2017 promoted farm forestry across Pakistan.
85. Which UN body supports agroforestry for sustainable development?
(A) UNEP
(B) WHO
(C) ILO
(D) WTO
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: UNEP emphasizes agroforestry for combating climate change.
86. Which tree is recommended in saline-alkaline soils under agroforestry?
(A) Tamarix
(B) Poplar
(C) Chir pine
(D) Fir
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Tamarix survives in saline soils where other trees fail.
87. Which agroforestry system is best for carbon sequestration?
(A) Silvopastoral
(B) Agrosilviculture
(C) Agrosilvopastoral
(D) All of these
Correct Answer: (D)
Explanation: All integrated systems capture carbon and mitigate climate change.
88. In Pakistan, the most researched agroforestry tree species is:
(A) Poplar
(B) Acacia
(C) Neem
(D) Bamboo
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Poplar is fast-growing, compatible with crops, and highly profitable.
89. The biggest challenge in agroforestry adoption in Pakistan is:
(A) Lack of awareness and extension services
(B) Too much government subsidy
(C) Farmers refusing cash crops
(D) Urbanization
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Limited awareness restricts adoption despite high benefits.
90. Which international research institute specializes in agroforestry in South Asia?
(A) World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
(B) FAO Rome
(C) WWF Pakistan
(D) PFI Peshawar
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: ICRAF has regional programs in South Asia.
📌 Section 10: Future of Agroforestry
91. Climate-smart agroforestry focuses on:
(A) Reducing deforestation and enhancing resilience to climate change
(B) Urbanization
(C) Mining and forestry
(D) None of these
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Climate-smart agroforestry integrates adaptation and mitigation.
92. Which practice in agroforestry supports biodiversity conservation?
(A) Home gardens
(B) Shelterbelts
(C) Farm woodlots
(D) All of these
Correct Answer: (D)
Explanation: All promote plant and animal biodiversity.
93. Carbon sequestration by agroforestry helps in:
(A) Combating climate change
(B) Enhancing desertification
(C) Polluting soil
(D) Reducing biodiversity
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Trees absorb CO₂ and reduce greenhouse gases.
94. Which system of agroforestry is most useful for reducing farmer risk?
(A) Integrated systems (trees + crops + livestock)
(B) Timber plantations only
(C) Urban parks
(D) None of these
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Multiple outputs reduce risk of total crop failure.
95. The biggest opportunity for agroforestry in Pakistan lies in:
(A) Canal-irrigated areas of Punjab
(B) Mountain areas only
(C) Deserts only
(D) Urban areas only
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Punjab’s irrigated system supports large-scale agroforestry.
96. Which tree is recommended for fast income in farm agroforestry?
(A) Poplar
(B) Oak
(C) Pine
(D) Fir
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Poplar matures in 6–8 years and is highly profitable.
97. Agroforestry contributes to SDGs by:
(A) Reducing hunger, poverty, and climate impacts
(B) Increasing desertification
(C) Only urban benefits
(D) None of these
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Agroforestry aligns with multiple Sustainable Development Goals.
98. A successful agroforestry model for Pakistan is:
(A) Wheat + Poplar boundary plantations
(B) Cotton + Pine
(C) Rice + Oak
(D) Maize + Chir pine
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Wheat-poplar system is profitable and sustainable.
99. Which tree species is considered invasive in Pakistan but still used in agroforestry?
(A) Prosopis juliflora
(B) Neem
(C) Poplar
(D) Acacia
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Prosopis is invasive but provides firewood and fodder.
100. The future of agroforestry in Pakistan depends on:
(A) Farmer participation, research, and supportive policies
(B) Importing timber only
(C) Banning crop farming
(D) Urbanization
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Sustainable agroforestry requires farmer awareness, strong research, and government support.
Batch 1: Introduction to Forestry
Batch 2: Silviculture
Batch 4: Forest Management