Explore 100+ solved Forestry MCQs with answers & explanations. Perfect for competitive exams, forestry students, and enthusiasts. Covering silviculture, regeneration, nurseries, and tree species.
📌 Section 1: Basics of Silviculture
1. The word Silviculture is derived from:
(A) Latin words Silva (forest) and Cultura (cultivation)
(B) Greek words Silos and Culture
(C) German forestry schools
(D) French agriculture terms
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Silviculture literally means “cultivation of forests,” derived from Latin.
2. Silviculture is mainly concerned with:
(A) Growing crops
(B) Raising, tending, and harvesting forests
(C) Animal husbandry
(D) Mining in forests
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Silviculture deals with the life cycle of forests, from regeneration to harvesting.
3. The first silviculture practices were developed in:
(A) China
(B) Germany
(C) India
(D) France
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Modern silviculture began in Germany in the 18th century.
4. The father of modern silviculture is:
(A) Sir Dietrich Brandis
(B) Gifford Pinchot
(C) Bernhard Fernow
(D) Alfred Marshall
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Brandis is known as the father of scientific forestry in India and silviculture pioneer.
5. The primary objective of silviculture is:
(A) Maximizing forest area
(B) Sustainable timber and ecosystem services
(C) Urban beautification
(D) Fire control only
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Silviculture ensures sustainable use of forests for timber, fuel, carbon, and biodiversity.
📌 Section 2: Regeneration Methods
6. Natural regeneration in silviculture refers to:
(A) Artificial plantation
(B) Regeneration through seeds, coppice, or root suckers
(C) Forest fires
(D) Forest management laws
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Natural regeneration uses natural means like seeds, shoots, and root sprouts.
7. Artificial regeneration involves:
(A) Controlled grazing
(B) Planting seedlings, nursery-raised plants, or direct sowing
(C) Allowing natural seed dispersal only
(D) Leaving forests untouched
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Artificial regeneration ensures faster reforestation by human intervention.
8. Coppice regeneration is based on:
(A) Seed dispersal
(B) Sprouting from cut stumps or roots
(C) New plantations
(D) Grafting
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Coppice method regenerates forests by vegetative sprouting.
9. Shelterwood system is mainly used for:
(A) Shade-tolerant tree species
(B) Fast-growing exotics
(C) Agroforestry
(D) Firewood only
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Shelterwood retains some trees to provide shade for new seedlings.
10. Clear felling method means:
(A) Selective cutting of trees
(B) Complete removal of all trees in a compartment
(C) Coppicing only
(D) Strip planting
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Clear felling clears the entire area, followed by artificial or natural regeneration.
📌 Section 3: Silvicultural Systems
11. The Taungya system combines:
(A) Forestry and animal husbandry
(B) Forestry and agriculture crops
(C) Forestry and fisheries
(D) Forestry and horticulture
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Farmers grow crops between young forest plantations under Taungya.
12. Which silvicultural system is most common in tropical countries?
(A) Clear felling
(B) Taungya system
(C) Selection system
(D) Shelterwood system
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Taungya is widely used in tropics, including South Asia.
13. The Selection system allows:
(A) Harvesting only selected mature trees periodically
(B) Clear cutting of all trees
(C) Natural disasters
(D) Firewood collection only
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: In the selection system, only mature trees are felled to maintain continuous cover.
14. Seed Tree method is applied for:
(A) Shade-loving species
(B) Species requiring seed trees left standing for regeneration
(C) Agroforestry
(D) Fire-prone areas
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Some seed-bearing trees are left to provide natural regeneration.
15. Coppice with Standards system combines:
(A) Coppice trees with long-rotation seed trees
(B) Clear felling with crops
(C) Agroforestry with horticulture
(D) None of these
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Fast-growing coppice trees and long-lived seed trees are grown together.
📌 Section 4: Nursery & Plantation
16. A forest nursery is established for:
(A) Raising crops
(B) Raising seedlings for plantations
(C) Grazing
(D) Fertilizer trials
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Nurseries grow healthy seedlings for large-scale plantations.
17. The most common nursery container in Pakistan is:
(A) Plastic tube
(B) Mud pot
(C) Earthen pot
(D) Bamboo basket
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Plastic tubes are cheap and widely used for seedlings.
18. Pre-treatment of seeds before sowing improves:
(A) Photosynthesis
(B) Germination
(C) Timber quality
(D) Fire resistance
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Scarification, soaking, and stratification enhance germination rate.
19. Direct seeding in plantations is:
(A) Planting seedlings from nurseries
(B) Sowing seeds directly into soil
(C) Tissue culture
(D) Fertilizer application
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Direct seeding skips the nursery stage, reducing costs.
20. The “Beating up” operation in forestry refers to:
(A) Removing weeds
(B) Replacing dead seedlings with new ones
(C) Pruning branches
(D) Watering
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Beating up ensures uniform plantation survival rate.
📌 Section 5: Tending Operations
21. Tending operations in silviculture are:
(A) Activities to improve growth and quality of forest crops
(B) Only nursery management
(C) Only harvesting
(D) Pest control only
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Tending includes weeding, cleaning, thinning, pruning, and protection.
22. Weeding in forestry refers to:
(A) Uprooting all vegetation
(B) Removing unwanted plants competing with seedlings
(C) Grass cutting for fodder
(D) Fertilizer application
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Weeding reduces competition for water, nutrients, and light.
23. Cleaning is done in:
(A) Early stage of forest crop
(B) At the time of harvesting
(C) After plantation establishment
(D) For old trees only
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Cleaning removes competing vegetation around young seedlings.
24. Thinning in silviculture means:
(A) Cutting all trees in one go
(B) Removing diseased, overcrowded, or weak trees
(C) Clear felling
(D) Pest control
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Thinning improves spacing, growth, and timber quality.
25. Pruning is done to:
(A) Increase fruiting
(B) Remove side branches to improve timber quality
(C) Reduce leaf fall
(D) Increase coppice growth
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Pruning helps straight bole development.
26. The main purpose of singling is:
(A) To train seedlings into single-stem trees
(B) To remove weeds
(C) To prune branches
(D) To reduce density
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Singling converts coppice shoots into single dominant stem.
27. Pollarding is a practice of:
(A) Cutting the tree at ground level
(B) Cutting the tree above height of cattle browsing
(C) Ring barking
(D) Removing only side branches
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Pollarding is cutting above grazing height to prevent cattle damage.
28. Girdling in silviculture is:
(A) Applying fertilizers in ring shape
(B) Removing bark around the trunk to kill tree
(C) Watering around tree
(D) Pruning side branches
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Girdling is used to kill unwanted trees or prepare for felling.
29. The first thinning in a plantation is usually done at:
(A) 1–2 years
(B) 3–5 years
(C) 8–10 years
(D) 15–20 years
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: First thinning is generally carried out between 3–5 years.
30. The main advantage of thinning is:
(A) Increases timber quality and growth rate
(B) Reduces biodiversity
(C) Increases fire hazard
(D) Shortens rotation unnaturally
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Thinning removes weak trees, improving health of remaining stand.
📌 Section 6: Silviculture of Tree Species
31. Dalbergia sissoo (Shisham) prefers:
(A) Waterlogged soils
(B) Well-drained alluvial soils
(C) Desert soils
(D) Saline soils
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Shisham thrives on fertile, well-drained soils of river plains.
32. Acacia nilotica (Kikar) is mainly grown for:
(A) Timber only
(B) Fuelwood, fodder, and tannin
(C) Fruits
(D) Shade only
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Kikar is multipurpose tree providing wood, fodder, and tannin.
33. Eucalyptus camaldulensis was introduced in Pakistan from:
(A) Australia
(B) USA
(C) India
(D) Europe
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Eucalyptus is native to Australia and introduced worldwide.
34. Pinus roxburghii is commonly known as:
(A) Chir Pine
(B) Deodar
(C) Blue Pine
(D) Fir
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Pinus roxburghii is Chir Pine, common in Himalayan foothills.
35. Cedrus deodara is native to:
(A) Tropical plains
(B) Himalayas
(C) Europe
(D) Australia
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Deodar cedar is a Himalayan species of great silvicultural importance.
36. Populus deltoides (Poplar) is mainly grown for:
(A) Paper and match industry
(B) Fruits
(C) Resin
(D) Tannin
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Poplar is used in plywood, paper, and matchstick industries.
37. Prosopis juliflora is considered:
(A) A valuable timber species
(B) An invasive exotic weed
(C) Fruit-yielding tree
(D) Shade tree only
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Prosopis juliflora is an aggressive invasive species in Pakistan.
38. The best tree species for saline soils is:
(A) Dalbergia sissoo
(B) Tamarix spp.
(C) Eucalyptus camaldulensis
(D) Cedrus deodara
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Tamarix is highly salt-tolerant and suitable for saline areas.
39. Teak (Tectona grandis) is naturally found in:
(A) Pakistan
(B) India, Myanmar, Thailand
(C) Europe
(D) Australia
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Teak is native to South and Southeast Asia.
40. Azadirachta indica (Neem) has special property of:
(A) Medicinal and insecticidal use
(B) Timber only
(C) Shade only
(D) Fuelwood only
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Neem is valued for its medicinal and insecticidal properties.
📌 Section 7: Silvicultural Systems
41. Clear felling system means:
(A) Removal of diseased trees only
(B) Felling all trees in one operation over an area
(C) Thinning practice
(D) Shelterwood system
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: In clear felling, all trees are harvested at once, followed by regeneration.
42. Shelterwood system aims at:
(A) Leaving a few trees to provide shade for regeneration
(B) Cutting only small trees
(C) Planting shade-loving crops
(D) Fire protection
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Shelterwood leaves scattered mature trees to provide shelter for seedlings.
43. Selection system in silviculture refers to:
(A) Selecting best trees for seed collection
(B) Harvesting only mature trees periodically
(C) Choosing suitable sites for plantation
(D) Removing diseased trees only
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Selection system removes a few mature trees at intervals, maintaining uneven-aged forest.
44. Coppice system is based on:
(A) Regeneration by seeds
(B) Regeneration by vegetative shoots from stumps
(C) Planting nursery seedlings
(D) Aerial seeding
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Coppice system regenerates trees through sprouts from stumps/roots.
45. Taungya system is a combination of:
(A) Forestry and agriculture
(B) Forestry and horticulture
(C) Forestry and grazing
(D) Forestry and fisheries
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Taungya system integrates forestry with agriculture, mainly in initial years.
46. The main advantage of shelterwood system is:
(A) Uniform regeneration
(B) Maximum biodiversity
(C) No soil erosion
(D) Short rotation period
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Shelterwood ensures even-aged regeneration under protection of old trees.
47. The main drawback of clear felling system is:
(A) Expensive
(B) Encourages soil erosion and loss of biodiversity
(C) Complex operations
(D) Limited to tropical forests only
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Clear felling exposes soil, causing erosion and biodiversity loss.
48. The selection system is especially suitable for:
(A) Even-aged forests
(B) Uneven-aged forests
(C) Plantations only
(D) Desert vegetation
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Selection system maintains uneven-aged natural forests.
49. Coppice with standards system means:
(A) Combining coppice crops with retained seed trees
(B) Only clear felling
(C) Only coppicing
(D) Pruning old trees
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Some trees are left as standards, while others regenerate by coppicing.
50. Strip system is mainly practiced in:
(A) Temperate regions
(B) Tropical plantations
(C) Plains of Pakistan
(D) Hilly regions to control erosion
Correct Answer: (D)
Explanation: Strip felling is practiced in hills to reduce soil erosion.
📌 Section 8: Nursery & Plantations
51. The first step in raising a nursery is:
(A) Weeding
(B) Seed sowing
(C) Site selection and soil preparation
(D) Irrigation
Correct Answer: (C)
Explanation: Nursery establishment starts with proper site and soil preparation.
52. Pre-treatment of seeds is done to:
(A) Increase seed size
(B) Break seed dormancy and improve germination
(C) Reduce insect attack
(D) Improve seed color
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Pre-treatment like scarification or soaking improves germination.
53. The best sowing method for small seeds is:
(A) Broadcasting
(B) Line sowing
(C) Dibbling
(D) Nursery beds
Correct Answer: (D)
Explanation: Small seeds are sown in prepared nursery beds for proper care.
54. Root-shoot ratio in nursery plants should ideally be:
(A) 1:1
(B) 1:2
(C) 2:1
(D) 3:1
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Balanced root and shoot growth ensures successful transplantation.
55. Hardening of seedlings before planting means:
(A) Increasing fertilizer dose
(B) Exposing seedlings to stress for field adjustment
(C) Cutting roots
(D) Keeping them in shade
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Hardening makes seedlings tolerant to field conditions.
56. The best planting season for most trees in Pakistan is:
(A) Winter (Dec–Feb)
(B) Monsoon (July–August)
(C) Spring (March–April)
(D) Autumn (Sept–Oct)
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Monsoon rains provide ideal moisture for plantation.
57. The spacing for Eucalyptus plantation is usually:
(A) 1×1 m
(B) 2×2 m
(C) 3×3 m
(D) 5×5 m
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Eucalyptus is commonly planted at 2×2 m spacing.
58. Direct seeding in forestry means:
(A) Raising nursery and then planting
(B) Sowing seeds directly on site
(C) Using tissue culture plants
(D) Using cuttings
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Direct seeding skips nursery stage and sows seeds at site.
59. A plantation raised for a single product is called:
(A) Multipurpose plantation
(B) Monoculture plantation
(C) Mixed plantation
(D) Social forestry
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Monoculture plantations focus on one product like timber or pulpwood.
60. The survival percentage of seedlings is considered good if it is above:
(A) 40%
(B) 50%
(C) 70%
(D) 90%
Correct Answer: (C)
Explanation: More than 70% survival is regarded as satisfactory.
📌 Section 9: Tree Improvement & Propagation
61. Vegetative propagation includes:
(A) Seed sowing
(B) Cutting, grafting, layering
(C) Aerial seeding
(D) Rootstock burning
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Vegetative propagation uses plant parts like stem cuttings, grafting, and layering.
62. The main advantage of vegetative propagation is:
(A) Faster and uniform growth
(B) More genetic diversity
(C) Lower disease resistance
(D) No root development
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Vegetative propagation ensures uniform clones of desired traits.
63. Grafting is most successful in:
(A) Eucalyptus
(B) Mango and Citrus
(C) Acacia
(D) Poplar
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Fruit trees like mango are commonly propagated by grafting.
64. Layering is a method of propagation in which:
(A) Roots form on a buried stem
(B) Seeds are pre-treated
(C) Shoots develop from stumps
(D) Trees are pruned
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: In layering, a stem is bent and buried until roots form.
65. Tissue culture is also called:
(A) In vivo culture
(B) Micropropagation
(C) Macropropagation
(D) Genetic grafting
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Tissue culture is a micropropagation method producing large numbers of plants.
66. Clonal forestry is mainly based on:
(A) Seedling propagation
(B) Vegetative propagation of superior trees
(C) Natural regeneration
(D) Agroforestry systems
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Clonal forestry multiplies superior trees by vegetative means.
67. The main drawback of clonal forestry is:
(A) Too much genetic variation
(B) Susceptibility to pests/diseases
(C) Difficult harvesting
(D) Slow growth
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Clones lack diversity, making them vulnerable to epidemics.
68. Provenance trials are used to:
(A) Select best soil
(B) Test different seed sources
(C) Improve water use
(D) Identify pests
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Provenance trials compare growth performance of different seed origins.
69. Plus trees are:
(A) Diseased trees removed from stands
(B) Trees showing superior traits selected for breeding
(C) Oldest trees in a forest
(D) Sacred trees in villages
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Plus trees are genetically superior and used in breeding programs.
70. Seed orchards are established for:
(A) Timber production
(B) Genetic improvement of seeds
(C) Firewood only
(D) Wildlife conservation
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Seed orchards provide genetically improved seeds in large quantities.
📌 Section 10: Silvicultural Practices in Pakistan
71. The most widely planted fast-growing species in Pakistan is:
(A) Deodar
(B) Chir pine
(C) Eucalyptus
(D) Oak
Correct Answer: (C)
Explanation: Eucalyptus is extensively planted for its rapid growth and adaptability.
72. Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) is mainly grown for:
(A) Pulpwood
(B) Fuelwood
(C) Furniture timber
(D) Gum production
Correct Answer: (C)
Explanation: Shisham provides durable, high-quality timber for furniture.
73. Chir pine (Pinus roxburghii) is important for:
(A) Resin and timber
(B) Only fuelwood
(C) Shade trees
(D) Pulp production only
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Chir pine yields resin and construction timber.
74. Acacia nilotica (Kikar) is valued for:
(A) Only gum
(B) Fodder and timber
(C) Timber, fuel, and gum (Babul gum)
(D) Shade only
Correct Answer: (C)
Explanation: Kikar provides multipurpose products like gum, timber, and fuelwood.
75. Poplar plantations are famous in:
(A) Northern Pakistan and Punjab plains
(B) Sindh deserts
(C) Balochistan drylands
(D) Coastal belts
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Poplar grows fast and is cultivated in Punjab and northern areas.
76. The natural distribution of deodar (Cedrus deodara) is:
(A) Coastal areas
(B) Dry deserts
(C) Himalayas of Pakistan
(D) Plains of Punjab
Correct Answer: (C)
Explanation: Deodar is found in the moist Himalayan forests of Pakistan.
77. Mangroves in Pakistan are mainly located in:
(A) Indus Delta (Sindh coast)
(B) Makran coast (Balochistan)
(C) Both (A) and (B)
(D) Punjab river banks
Correct Answer: (C)
Explanation: Mangroves occur along Sindh and Balochistan coasts.
78. Dalbergia sissoo is highly vulnerable to:
(A) Dieback disease
(B) Root rot
(C) Termite attack
(D) Fire damage
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Shisham trees often suffer from dieback disease in Pakistan.
79. Agroforestry in Punjab is dominated by:
(A) Poplar and Eucalyptus
(B) Oak and Deodar
(C) Mango and Citrus
(D) Kikar only
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Farmers in Punjab prefer Poplar and Eucalyptus for agroforestry.
80. The main cause of deforestation in Pakistan is:
(A) Industrialization
(B) Fire
(C) Fuelwood and overgrazing
(D) Excess rainfall
Correct Answer: (C)
Explanation: Dependence on forests for fuel and overgrazing leads to deforestation.
📌 Section 11: Advanced Silviculture
81. Thinning in silviculture means:
(A) Cutting diseased trees only
(B) Removal of weak/overcrowded trees to promote growth
(C) Harvesting mature trees
(D) Replanting forest gaps
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Thinning improves spacing, growth, and health of remaining trees.
82. Mechanical thinning is based on:
(A) Height of trees
(B) Spacing (removing trees in a fixed pattern)
(C) Soil fertility
(D) Crown class
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Mechanical thinning removes trees at regular spacing intervals.
83. Crown thinning removes:
(A) Tallest trees
(B) Crowns competing for light
(C) Diseased trees only
(D) Middle canopy trees
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Crown thinning removes competing dominant trees to improve growth.
84. Cleaning in forestry is done:
(A) In mature forest
(B) In young stands to remove unwanted species
(C) In old plantations only
(D) During harvesting
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Cleaning removes unwanted stems during young forest stages.
85. Pruning of trees is done for:
(A) Increasing height
(B) Producing knot-free timber
(C) Disease control only
(D) Faster flowering
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Pruning ensures high-quality, knot-free timber logs.
86. The main objective of tending operations is:
(A) To encourage regeneration only
(B) To improve growth, health, and quality of forest
(C) To cut all trees in a cycle
(D) To reduce soil erosion
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Tending operations improve the forest’s overall quality.
87. High forest system is based on:
(A) Seed regeneration
(B) Coppicing
(C) Agroforestry
(D) Strip planting
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: High forest system relies on natural or artificial seed regeneration.
88. Low forest system is based on:
(A) Coppice regeneration
(B) Natural seeding only
(C) Agroforestry
(D) Clear felling
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Low forests regenerate by coppice or vegetative methods.
89. Even-aged stands mean:
(A) All trees have same age class
(B) Trees of mixed ages
(C) Only seedlings
(D) Only coppice shoots
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Even-aged stands contain trees of uniform age.
90. Uneven-aged stands are:
(A) All trees of same age
(B) Mixed age structure maintained through selection system
(C) Pure plantations only
(D) Coppice forests
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Uneven-aged forests have trees of all age classes.
📌 Section 12: Silviculture & Environment
91. Silviculture contributes to climate change mitigation by:
(A) Cutting all forests
(B) Increasing CO₂ emissions
(C) Enhancing carbon sequestration through plantations
(D) Burning forest litter
Correct Answer: (C)
Explanation: Trees absorb carbon, reducing greenhouse gases.
92. Deforestation leads to:
(A) Soil fertility increase
(B) Soil erosion, climate change, and biodiversity loss
(C) More rainfall
(D) Pest reduction
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Deforestation negatively impacts environment and ecosystems.
93. Social forestry is aimed at:
(A) Profit maximization only
(B) Meeting local community needs (fuel, fodder, small timber)
(C) Export of wood
(D) Research only
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Social forestry prioritizes community welfare.
94. Farm forestry is:
(A) Raising trees on farm boundaries/fields
(B) Planting in state forests only
(C) Planting trees in deserts only
(D) Plantations in nurseries
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Farmers grow trees alongside crops for income and sustainability.
95. Urban forestry refers to:
(A) Plantations in cities and towns
(B) Forests in mountains
(C) Agroforestry only
(D) Reserved forests
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Urban forestry improves environment and aesthetics of urban areas.
96. Community forestry is:
(A) Managed by private companies
(B) Managed by local communities for shared benefits
(C) Managed by government only
(D) Managed by NGOs only
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Community forestry involves local participation in forest management.
97. Agroforestry improves:
(A) Soil fertility and farm income
(B) Only forest cover
(C) Only biodiversity
(D) None of these
Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation: Agroforestry combines agriculture with trees for multiple benefits.
98. Afforestation means:
(A) Replanting harvested areas
(B) Planting trees on non-forest lands
(C) Shifting cultivation
(D) Grazing land use
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Afforestation creates forests on barren/non-forest land.
99. Reforestation means:
(A) Planting new areas
(B) Replanting forests in harvested/deforested areas
(C) Growing trees in nurseries
(D) Urban plantation
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Reforestation restores lost forest cover.
100. The ultimate goal of silviculture is:
(A) Cutting maximum trees
(B) Sustainable production of forest goods and services
(C) Short-term timber profits
(D) Reducing biodiversity
Correct Answer: (B)
Explanation: Silviculture ensures sustainability while meeting human needs.
Batch 3: Agroforestry