🌳 Batch 10: Forest Genetics & Tree Improvement
Practice 20 MCQs on Forest Genetics & Tree Improvement. Covers heredity, hybridization, seed orchards, clonal forestry, biotechnology, and genetic conservation.
MCQs 281–300
281. Forest genetics is the study of:
(A) Animal breeding in forests
(B) Heredity and variation in forest trees
(C) Soil and water interactions
(D) Tree planting techniques
Correct Answer: (B) Heredity and variation in forest trees
Explanation: Forest genetics focuses on the genetic makeup of trees and how it affects growth, adaptability, and productivity.
282. The main objective of tree improvement is to:
(A) Improve wood quality, yield, and adaptability
(B) Increase only fruit production
(C) Enhance soil fertility
(D) Protect wildlife habitats only
Correct Answer: (A) Improve wood quality, yield, and adaptability
Explanation: Tree improvement programs focus on producing superior planting material.
283. Provenance in forestry refers to:
(A) The seed origin of a tree population
(B) The height of the tree
(C) The soil type where the tree grows
(D) The age of the forest stand
Correct Answer: (A) The seed origin of a tree population
Explanation: Provenance testing helps identify the best seed sources for plantations.
284. A seed orchard is established to:
(A) Produce genetically superior seeds
(B) Conserve wildlife
(C) Grow medicinal plants
(D) Protect soil and water
Correct Answer: (A) Produce genetically superior seeds
Explanation: Seed orchards are plantations of selected trees used for controlled seed production.
285. The process of crossing two genetically different individuals is called:
(A) Mutation
(B) Hybridization
(C) Vegetative propagation
(D) Natural regeneration
Correct Answer: (B) Hybridization
Explanation: Hybridization is used to combine desirable traits of two parent trees.
286. Vegetative propagation in forestry includes:
(A) Grafting, cutting, and tissue culture
(B) Only natural seeding
(C) Controlled burning
(D) Soil fertilization
Correct Answer: (A) Grafting, cutting, and tissue culture
Explanation: Vegetative propagation produces clones of superior trees.
287. Clonal forestry is based on:
(A) Random planting of seeds
(B) Multiplication of selected superior genotypes
(C) Introduction of exotic species only
(D) Grazing management
Correct Answer: (B) Multiplication of selected superior genotypes
Explanation: Clonal forestry ensures uniformity and high productivity.
288. Mutation breeding in forestry refers to:
(A) Introducing changes in genes to create variability
(B) Burning forests for new growth
(C) Planting only exotic trees
(D) Random harvesting of trees
Correct Answer: (A) Introducing changes in genes to create variability
Explanation: Induced mutations help develop new traits in trees.
289. Which tree species is often used in hybridization programs in Pakistan?
(A) Poplar
(B) Eucalyptus
(C) Shisham
(D) Deodar
Correct Answer: (A) Poplar
Explanation: Poplars are widely hybridized for fast growth and wood quality.
290. The term “plus tree” refers to:
(A) Diseased trees marked for removal
(B) Trees selected for superior traits like height, form, and growth
(C) Trees planted near rivers
(D) Trees used only for shade
Correct Answer: (B) Trees selected for superior traits like height, form, and growth
Explanation: Plus trees serve as parent trees for seed production.
291. Genetic variation in forest trees is important for:
(A) Disease resistance and adaptability
(B) Reducing soil fertility
(C) Increasing grazing land
(D) Controlling erosion only
Correct Answer: (A) Disease resistance and adaptability
Explanation: Variation ensures survival under different environmental conditions.
292. A “progeny test” in forestry is conducted to:
(A) Test soil fertility
(B) Evaluate the genetic worth of parent trees
(C) Measure rainfall
(D) Assess grazing pressure
Correct Answer: (B) Evaluate the genetic worth of parent trees
Explanation: It involves growing offspring from selected trees and comparing performance.
293. The main method of conserving genetic diversity of trees is:
(A) Ex-situ and in-situ conservation
(B) Clear-cutting forests
(C) Burning diseased trees
(D) Over-harvesting
Correct Answer: (A) Ex-situ and in-situ conservation
Explanation: Ex-situ includes seed banks; in-situ means protecting trees in their natural habitat.
294. Biotechnology in forestry helps in:
(A) Producing genetically modified trees with better traits
(B) Increasing grazing pressure
(C) Deforestation
(D) Reducing productivity
Correct Answer: (A) Producing genetically modified trees with better traits
Explanation: Biotechnology allows transfer of desirable genes to tree species.
295. Which of the following is a vegetatively propagated species in Pakistan forestry?
(A) Eucalyptus
(B) Poplar
(C) Deodar
(D) Chir Pine
Correct Answer: (B) Poplar
Explanation: Poplar is commonly propagated through cuttings.
296. Ex-situ conservation includes:
(A) Gene banks, seed banks, and botanical gardens
(B) National parks only
(C) Reserved forests only
(D) Forest fire management
Correct Answer: (A) Gene banks, seed banks, and botanical gardens
Explanation: It conserves genetic material outside natural habitats.
297. In-situ conservation includes:
(A) Conservation of genetic resources within natural ecosystems
(B) Storing seeds in labs
(C) Hybridization only
(D) Tree planting in cities
Correct Answer: (A) Conservation of genetic resources within natural ecosystems
Explanation: It helps maintain the evolutionary processes of species.
298. Which technique is most suitable for rapid multiplication of elite trees?
(A) Tissue culture
(B) Natural regeneration
(C) Controlled burning
(D) Seeding
Correct Answer: (A) Tissue culture
Explanation: Tissue culture produces disease-free clones at a large scale.
299. The basic unit of hereditary material in forest genetics is:
(A) Chromosome
(B) DNA
(C) Gene
(D) Protein
Correct Answer: (C) Gene
Explanation: Genes control traits such as growth, form, and adaptability in trees.
300. Genetic improvement programs in forestry mainly aim to:
(A) Produce high-yielding and adaptable tree varieties
(B) Promote forest grazing
(C) Increase deforestation
(D) Eliminate biodiversity
Correct Answer: (A) Produce high-yielding and adaptable tree varieties
Explanation: These programs help meet the growing demand for timber, fuel, and environmental protection.
Batch 1: Introduction to Forestry
Batch 6: Forest Ecology and Environment