Introduction
The CSS Political Science Paper 1 (2021) tested students’ understanding of classical Greek political thought, Islamic contributions to political philosophy, modern Western ideologies, and economic theories. Interestingly, this paper included a number of repeat questions from earlier years — highlighting FPSC’s preference for foundational thinkers.
Here are the 2021 MCQs with answers and explanations for aspirants’ preparation.
Political Science Paper 1 – MCQs (2021 with Answers)
1. The word polis means:
(a) Civilized people
(b) Form of government
(c) A city state
(d) None of these
✅ Answer: (c) A city state
👉 Polis in ancient Greece referred to an independent city-state, the basic political unit of Greek society.
2. Plato is the author of:
(a) Republic
(b) Social Contract
(c) History of Political Thought
(d) None of these
✅ Answer: (a) Republic
👉 Plato’s Republic explains justice and the philosopher-king model.
3. Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam was written by:
(a) Mawardi
(b) Ibn Khaldun
(c) Allama Iqbal
(d) None of these
✅ Answer: (c) Allama Iqbal
👉 This series of lectures (1928) is considered Iqbal’s philosophical masterpiece.
4. The dissolution of Khilafat and establishment of Grand National Assembly in Turkey was highly appreciated by:
(a) Allama Iqbal
(b) Maulana Shaukat Ali
(c) Mohammad Ali Jinnah
(d) None of these
✅ Answer: (a) Allama Iqbal
👉 Iqbal admired Atatürk’s reformist zeal in reshaping Islamic governance.
5. The concept of Separation of Powers was given by:
(a) Montesquieu
(b) Machiavelli
(c) Bentham
(d) None of these
✅ Answer: (a) Montesquieu
👉 His Spirit of Laws (1748) divided power among legislative, executive, and judiciary.
6. Fascism as a theory originated in:
(a) Germany
(b) Russia
(c) Italy
(d) None of these
✅ Answer: (c) Italy
👉 Mussolini developed fascism in Italy during the 1920s.
7. “Political Science begins and ends with the state” is said by:
(a) Paul Janet
(b) Stephen Leacock
(c) Professor Garner
(d) None of these
✅ Answer: (c) Professor Garner
👉 Garner highlighted that the state is the central object of political science.
8. Wealth of Nations was written by:
(a) John Stuart Mill
(b) Jeremy Bentham
(c) Adam Smith
(d) None of these
✅ Answer: (c) Adam Smith
👉 Published in 1776, this work is considered the foundation of economics.
9. Muqaddimah was the great work of:
(a) Ibn Khaldun
(b) Al-Mawardi
(c) Nizam-ul-Mulk
(d) None of these
✅ Answer: (a) Ibn Khaldun
👉 The Muqaddimah is often seen as the earliest scientific study of history and society.
10. A Discourse on the Origin of Inequality and The Social Contract were presented by:
(a) Rousseau
(b) Hobbes
(c) John Locke
(d) None of these
✅ Answer: (a) Rousseau
👉 Rousseau explored inequality and popular sovereignty.
11. Ihya-ul-Ulum is the work of:
(a) Al Farabi
(b) Al Mawardi
(c) Al Ghazali
(d) None of these
✅ Answer: (c) Al Ghazali
👉 Its meaning is Revival of Religious Sciences, a landmark Islamic text.
12. Al-Mawardi was a jurist who followed the fiqah of:
(a) Imam Malik
(b) Imam Shafi
(c) Imam Abu Hanifa
(d) None of these
✅ Answer: (b) Imam Shafi
👉 His Ahkam al-Sultaniyya is a core text on Islamic governance.
13. Founder of utilitarian school of thought was:
(a) Edmund Burke
(b) Hume
(c) J.S. Mill
(d) Jeremy Bentham
✅ Answer: (d) Jeremy Bentham
👉 Bentham is credited with founding utilitarianism, later refined by J.S. Mill.
14. “God has made this world a place for work and labour” is the famous quotation of:
(a) Al-Mawardi
(b) Al-Farabi
(c) Nizam-ul-Mulk Tusi
(d) Al Ghazali
✅ Answer: (c) Nizam-ul-Mulk Tusi
👉 The Persian statesman emphasized duty and hard work in governance.
15. A voluntary union of sovereign and independent states is called:
(a) Federation
(b) Confederation
(c) Unitary State
(d) None of these
✅ Answer: (b) Confederation
👉 Confederation = loose alliance of sovereign states with weak central power.
16. Siyasat Nama was written by:
(a) Nizam-ul-Mulk
(b) Al-Ghazali
(c) Ibn Khaldun
(d) None of these
✅ Answer: (a) Nizam-ul-Mulk
👉 Book of Government gives practical advice on kingship and politics.
17. Machiavelli by birth was:
(a) Italian
(b) French
(c) German
(d) Spanish
✅ Answer: (a) Italian
👉 Niccolò Machiavelli was born in Florence, Italy.
18. The concept of Surplus Value is given by:
(a) Karl Marx
(b) Stalin
(c) Locke
(d) None of these
✅ Answer: (a) Karl Marx
👉 Central to Marxist economics: surplus value = profit extracted from labor.
19. The title Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim Unity was given to Jinnah by:
(a) Sarojini Naidu
(b) Allama Iqbal
(c) Syed Ameer Ali
(d) None of these
✅ Answer: (a) Sarojini Naidu
👉 She admired Jinnah’s efforts in Hindu-Muslim unity during the Lucknow Pact.
20. General Will as a concept was introduced by:
(a) Rousseau
(b) Hobbes
(c) Locke
(d) None of these
✅ Answer: (a) Rousseau
👉 The general will represents the collective good, central to Rousseau’s political thought.
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Conclusion
The 2021 CSS Political Science Paper 1 MCQs covered Greek, Islamic, and modern political thinkers. Despite some repetition, the exam reinforced foundational knowledge, showing that CSS aspirants must master basic thinkers like Plato, Iqbal, Rousseau, Montesquieu, and Ibn Khaldun.