Introduction
The 2018 CSS Political Science Paper 1 MCQs emphasized Western political philosophy, Marxism, concepts of justice, sovereignty, and democracy. It tested knowledge of Plato, Aristotle, Rousseau, Locke, Marx, and Iqbal while also covering modern concepts like lobbying and pressure groups. Below are the 20 solved MCQs with answers and explanations.
Political Science Paper 1 – MCQs (2018 with Answers)
1. Marx and Engels produced the famous book Communist Manifesto in:
(a) 1848
(b) 1845
(c) 1883
(d) None of these
✅ Answer: (a) 1848
👉 The Communist Manifesto outlined class struggle and the need for proletarian revolution.
2. Montesquieu by birth belonged to:
(a) Germany
(b) England
(c) France
(d) None of these
✅ Answer: (c) France
👉 French philosopher, best known for The Spirit of Laws and separation of powers theory.
3. A bicameral legislature is most suited to:
(a) Unitary states
(b) Federal states
(c) Theocratic states
(d) None of these
✅ Answer: (b) Federal states
👉 Federations (e.g., USA, Pakistan, India) require representation of both people and states.
4. Which of the following are elements of Marxism?
(a) Concept of surplus value
(b) Dialectical materialism
(c) Doctrine of class struggle
(d) All of these
✅ Answer: (d) All of these
👉 Core foundations of Marxist philosophy.
5. Aristotle was a famous student of:
(a) Anaxagoras
(b) Hermes
(c) Socrates
(d) None of these
✅ Answer: (d) None of these
👉 Aristotle was the student of Plato, not the listed options.
6. Plato wrote the famous book:
(a) Leviathan
(b) The Republic
(c) The Clouds
(d) None of these
✅ Answer: (b) The Republic
👉 A dialogue on justice and the ideal state.
7. When did Machiavelli die?
(a) 1469 AD
(b) 1527 AD
(c) 1523 AD
(d) None of these
✅ Answer: (b) 1527 AD
👉 Author of The Prince, died in Florence, Italy.
8. The concept of justice as “greatest happiness of the greatest number” was postulated by:
(a) Marx
(b) James Mill
(c) Spencer
(d) None of these
✅ Answer: (d) None of these
👉 It was proposed by Jeremy Bentham, founder of utilitarianism.
9. Liberal democracy means:
(a) Government by majority
(b) Government by people
(c) Limited majority rule
(d) None of these
✅ Answer: (c) Limited majority rule
👉 Liberal democracy safeguards minority rights and imposes constitutional limits on majority.
10. The doctrine of proportionate equality was pronounced by:
(a) Aristotle
(b) Rousseau
(c) Marx
(d) None of these
✅ Answer: (a) Aristotle
👉 His concept of justice was “treat equals equally and unequals unequally in proportion.”
11. General Will as a concept was introduced by:
(a) Rousseau
(b) Hobbes
(c) Locke
(d) None of these
✅ Answer: (a) Rousseau
👉 Central idea of The Social Contract.
12. The center of learning to the Greeks was the city-state of:
(a) Sparta
(b) Athens
(c) Carthage
(d) None of these
✅ Answer: (b) Athens
👉 Athens was known for philosophy, democracy, and cultural achievements.
13. Two Treatises on Civil Government was written by:
(a) Thomas Hobbes
(b) Montesquieu
(c) John Locke
(d) None of these
✅ Answer: (c) John Locke
👉 Advocated natural rights, limited government, and resistance to tyranny.
14. Allama Iqbal characterized as “the sharp agent of devil” a political philosopher namely:
(a) Chanakya Kautilya
(b) Machiavelli
(c) Karl Marx
(d) None of these
✅ Answer: (b) Machiavelli
👉 Due to Machiavelli’s advocacy of cunning political tactics.
15. The concept of sovereignty was introduced for the first time into politics by:
(a) Hugo Grotius
(b) Jean Bodin
(c) Thomas Hobbes
(d) None of these
✅ Answer: (b) Jean Bodin
👉 Introduced the idea of absolute and indivisible sovereignty in the 16th century.
16. The great but ungrateful pupil of his master, born in 384 BC, was:
(a) Plato
(b) Aristotle
(c) Socrates
(d) None of these
✅ Answer: (b) Aristotle
👉 Born in 384 BC, he was Plato’s student but criticized many of his theories.
17. An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690) is the most important work of:
(a) J.S. Mill
(b) Bentham
(c) Thomas Hobbes
(d) John Locke
✅ Answer: (d) John Locke
👉 Key work in empiricism and modern philosophy.
18. Sovereignty in the Islamic political system belongs to:
(a) Majlis-e-Shura
(b) Caliph
(c) Muslim population
(d) Allah
✅ Answer: (d) Allah
👉 According to Islamic political thought, sovereignty belongs only to Allah.
19. It is normally the technique of pressure groups to impress the legislature:
(a) Canvassing
(b) Lobbying
(c) Propaganda
(d) None of these
✅ Answer: (b) Lobbying
👉 Pressure groups influence lawmakers through lobbying.
20. Modern political thought begins with:
(a) Machiavelli
(b) Montesquieu
(c) Mill
(d) None of these
✅ Answer: (a) Machiavelli
👉 Considered the father of modern political science due to his realistic approach in The Prince.
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Conclusion
The 2018 CSS Political Science Paper 1 MCQs examined candidates on classical thinkers, sovereignty, justice, and modern democracy. A balance of ancient Greek philosophy and modern political theory was maintained.