1. Globalization is often described as?
(A) Glocalization
(B) McDonaldization
(C) Westernization
(D) Modernization
✅ Correct Answer: (B) McDonaldization
📘 Explanation: George Ritzer’s concept of McDonaldization explains how principles of fast-food chains—efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control—spread globally, shaping social, cultural, and economic practices.
2. A culturally idealized form of masculinity that legitimizes men’s dominance over women is called?
(A) Hypermasculinity
(B) Hegemonic Masculinity
(C) False Consciousness
(D) Gender Stratification
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Hegemonic Masculinity
📘 Explanation: Coined by R.W. Connell, hegemonic masculinity refers to the culturally dominant idea of manhood that sustains male authority and the subordination of women.
3. A key anthropological research method that involves long-term fieldwork is?
(A) Interviews
(B) Participant Observation
(C) Case Study
(D) Survey
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Participant Observation
📘 Explanation: Participant observation is central to anthropology. Researchers live within communities, observing and taking part in daily life to understand cultural norms and values.
4. The anthropological term used to describe “a society with no formal leadership structure” is?
(A) Egalitarian Society
(B) State Society
(C) Tribal Society
(D) Feudal Society
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Egalitarian Society
📘 Explanation: Egalitarian societies distribute power equally and lack rigid hierarchies. Leadership is informal, often based on respect or skills, rather than inheritance or centralized systems.
5. The concept of “Cultural Relativism” was popularized by?
(A) Clifford Geertz
(B) Franz Boas
(C) Max Weber
(D) Emile Durkheim
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Franz Boas
📘 Explanation: Franz Boas argued that cultures should be studied in their own context, not judged by external standards. This principle is key to modern anthropology.
6. The anthropologist famous for his structural functionalist approach is?
(A) Bronislaw Malinowski
(B) E.E. Evans-Pritchard
(C) A.R. Radcliffe-Brown
(D) Marcel Mauss
✅ Correct Answer: (C) A.R. Radcliffe-Brown
📘 Explanation: Radcliffe-Brown emphasized structural functionalism, focusing on how social institutions maintain societal stability and cohesion.
7. A belief that spirits or supernatural forces inhabit natural objects like trees and rivers is called?
(A) Animism
(B) Totemism
(C) Fetishism
(D) Polytheism
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Animism
📘 Explanation: Animism is the belief that natural entities possess spirit or consciousness. It is one of the earliest forms of religious thought in anthropology.
8. The anthropological concept that emphasizes viewing culture from the insider’s perspective is?
(A) Emic Approach
(B) Etic Approach
(C) Reflexivity
(D) Structuralism
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Emic Approach
📘 Explanation: The emic perspective focuses on understanding cultural practices from within the society, as opposed to the etic (outsider) perspective.
9. In kinship studies, the rule requiring marriage outside one’s group is called?
(A) Polygyny
(B) Exogamy
(C) Endogamy
(D) Monogamy
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Exogamy
📘 Explanation: Exogamy requires individuals to marry outside their social, clan, or kinship group, promoting alliances and reducing internal conflict.
10. The functionalist anthropologist who highlighted the role of culture in meeting basic human needs was?
(A) Claude Lévi-Strauss
(B) Bronislaw Malinowski
(C) Clifford Geertz
(D) Ruth Benedict
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Bronislaw Malinowski
📘 Explanation: Malinowski argued that culture functions to meet biological and psychological needs of individuals, making him central to functionalist anthropology.
11. Which anthropologist is associated with symbolic anthropology?
(A) Clifford Geertz
(B) Marvin Harris
(C) Karl Marx
(D) Max Weber
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Clifford Geertz
📘 Explanation: Clifford Geertz emphasized symbols and their meanings, arguing that culture is a system of shared meanings expressed through symbols.
12. An exchange system where valuables are circulated ceremonially among Pacific island societies is called?
(A) Potlatch
(B) Kula Ring
(C) Reciprocity
(D) Redistribution
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Kula Ring
📘 Explanation: The Kula Ring involves ceremonial exchange of shell valuables among Trobriand Islanders, studied in detail by Malinowski.
13. The principle of “Cultural Ecology” was advanced by?
(A) Julian Steward
(B) Leslie White
(C) Marvin Harris
(D) Alfred Kroeber
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Julian Steward
📘 Explanation: Julian Steward’s cultural ecology explains how cultures adapt to their environment and use ecological systems for survival.
14. The anthropologist who studied the Nuer society of Sudan is?
(A) E.E. Evans-Pritchard
(B) Franz Boas
(C) Ruth Benedict
(D) Margaret Mead
✅ Correct Answer: (A) E.E. Evans-Pritchard
📘 Explanation: Evans-Pritchard’s ethnography of the Nuer highlighted their kinship systems, political structures, and social organization.
15. “Thick Description” is a method associated with?
(A) Clifford Geertz
(B) Emile Durkheim
(C) Max Weber
(D) Talal Asad
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Clifford Geertz
📘 Explanation: Geertz’s thick description emphasizes detailed context in cultural analysis to interpret meanings behind human actions.
16. Which anthropologist is associated with structuralism?
(A) Claude Lévi-Strauss
(B) Alfred Radcliffe-Brown
(C) Karl Marx
(D) Margaret Mead
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Claude Lévi-Strauss
📘 Explanation: Lévi-Strauss developed structuralism, focusing on universal structures of human thought expressed in myths, kinship, and culture.
17. Ethnography is best described as?
(A) A written account of fieldwork
(B) A theoretical model
(C) A survey technique
(D) A statistical study
✅ Correct Answer: (A) A written account of fieldwork
📘 Explanation: Ethnography is a detailed, written description of a culture based on long-term fieldwork and observation.
18. The term “Cultural Lag” was coined by?
(A) Levi-Strauss
(B) George Brown
(C) William Ogburn
(D) None of these
✅ Correct Answer: (C) William Ogburn
📘 Explanation: Ogburn introduced cultural lag to describe the gap when material culture (technology) changes faster than non-material culture (values, norms).
19. A pattern of residence in which the husband comes to reside in wife’s house after marriage is called?
(A) Patrilocal residence
(B) Bilocal residence
(C) Neolocal residence
(D) None of these
✅ Correct Answer: (D) None of these
📘 Explanation: The correct term is Matrilocal residence, where the husband lives in the wife’s household. Since it’s not in the options, “None of these” is correct.
20. How does the concept of “Biopower” by Michel Foucault help us understand power and the body?
(A) By arguing that power resides solely in the hands of the state
(B) By demonstrating how power operates through subtle, invisible means to shape bodies and behaviors
(C) By emphasizing the importance of individual resistance to power
(D) None of these
✅ Correct Answer: (B) By demonstrating how power operates through subtle, invisible means to shape bodies and behaviors
📘 Explanation: Foucault’s biopower refers to modern forms of power that regulate populations through medical, political, and social institutions, subtly shaping life and bodies.