📌 Introduction
Anthropology is one of the optional subjects in the competitive exams. Many aspirants choose it because of its scoring trend, short syllabus, and interesting topics. However, preparing Anthropology requires conceptual clarity and practice of past papers MCQs.
To help students, we have compiled 100+ important Anthropology MCQs with detailed explanations. These cover topics from Introduction to Anthropology, Methods, Culture, Evolution, Biological Anthropology, Human Variation, Forensic Anthropology, and Applied Anthropology. This collection will be extremely useful for CSS, UPSC, and other competitive exams.
Part I – Introduction to Anthropology (1–50 MCQs)
(Covering fossils, human ancestors, genetics, primates, evolution theories, etc.)
✅ Basic Concepts
1. The study of artifacts and excavation of material remains is known as:
(A) Social Anthropology
(B) Physical Anthropology
(C) Archaeology
(D) Cultural Anthropology
Correct Answer: (C) Archaeology
📘 Archaeology explores past societies through material remains like tools, pottery, and buildings.
2. The belief that one’s own culture is superior to others is called:
(A) Xenocentrism
(B) Ethnocentrism
(C) Cultural Relativism
(D) None of these
Correct Answer: (B) Ethnocentrism
📘 Ethnocentrism means judging other cultures by comparing them with one’s own.
3. Which anthropological method involves living with the community?
(A) Case Study
(B) Participant Observation
(C) Archival Research
(D) Comparative Method
Correct Answer: (B) Participant Observation
📘 Introduced by Bronislaw Malinowski, it involves immersing in people’s lives to understand their culture.
4. The branch of Anthropology that deals with human evolution is called:
(A) Linguistic Anthropology
(B) Physical Anthropology
(C) Social Anthropology
(D) Economic Anthropology
Correct Answer: (B) Physical Anthropology
📘 It studies human evolution, genetics, and primates.
5. Which of the following is NOT a branch of Anthropology?
(A) Archaeology
(B) Cultural Anthropology
(C) Political Science
(D) Linguistic Anthropology
Correct Answer: (C) Political Science
📘 Political Science is independent, though Political Anthropology overlaps with it.
6. The concept of “Cultural Relativism” was promoted by:
(A) Franz Boas
(B) Edward Tylor
(C) Claude Lévi-Strauss
(D) Max Weber
Correct Answer: (A) Franz Boas
📘 He emphasized judging cultures on their own terms.
7. The smallest unit of sound in language is called:
(A) Syntax
(B) Phoneme
(C) Morpheme
(D) Grammar
Correct Answer: (B) Phoneme
📘 Phonemes are studied in Linguistic Anthropology.
8. The comparative study of societies and cultures is the domain of:
(A) Archaeology
(B) Sociology
(C) Cultural Anthropology
(D) Psychology
Correct Answer: (C) Cultural Anthropology
📘 It focuses on living societies, their rituals, and customs.
9. The term “Survival of the fittest” was introduced by:
(A) Charles Darwin
(B) Herbert Spencer
(C) Karl Marx
(D) Bronislaw Malinowski
Correct Answer: (B) Herbert Spencer
📘 Though linked with Darwin, Spencer coined the phrase.
10. Who is known as the “Father of Anthropology”?
(A) Franz Boas
(B) Edward B. Tylor
(C) Lewis Henry Morgan
(D) Claude Lévi-Strauss
Correct Answer: (B) Edward B. Tylor
📘 He defined culture as a complex whole of knowledge, belief, art, law, and customs.
✅ Culture & Society
11. A learned system of beliefs, traditions, and practices passed across generations is called:
(A) Society
(B) Culture
(C) Civilization
(D) Heritage
Correct Answer: (B) Culture
📘 Culture is learned, shared, and symbolic.
12. The idea that all cultures are of equal value is called:
(A) Cultural Evolution
(B) Cultural Relativism
(C) Ethnocentrism
(D) Cultural Imperialism
Correct Answer: (B) Cultural Relativism
📘 Coined by Boas, it emphasizes respecting all cultures equally.
13. Which anthropologist studied the Trobriand Islanders?
(A) Franz Boas
(B) Bronislaw Malinowski
(C) Claude Lévi-Strauss
(D) E.E. Evans-Pritchard
Correct Answer: (B) Bronislaw Malinowski
📘 He pioneered fieldwork and participant observation.
14. The study of human languages is called:
(A) Semiotics
(B) Linguistic Anthropology
(C) Archaeology
(D) Communication Studies
Correct Answer: (B) Linguistic Anthropology
📘 It examines phonetics, grammar, and language in society.
15. The first anthropologist to define “culture” scientifically was:
(A) Franz Boas
(B) Edward B. Tylor
(C) Ruth Benedict
(D) Clifford Geertz
Correct Answer: (B) Edward B. Tylor
📘 He defined culture in his 1871 book “Primitive Culture.”
16. Which is NOT a characteristic of culture?
(A) Learned
(B) Shared
(C) Inherited biologically
(D) Symbolic
Correct Answer: (C) Inherited biologically
📘 Culture is learned, not inherited like genes.
17. The theory of cultural ecology was introduced by:
(A) Julian Steward
(B) Marvin Harris
(C) Franz Boas
(D) Claude Lévi-Strauss
Correct Answer: (A) Julian Steward
📘 He linked environment and cultural adaptation.
18. Who gave the idea of “Culture and Personality”?
(A) Ruth Benedict
(B) Margaret Mead
(C) Clifford Geertz
(D) Both A & B
Correct Answer: (D) Both A & B
📘 They studied how culture shapes individual personality.
19. The concept of “Thick Description” in Anthropology was developed by:
(A) Clifford Geertz
(B) Bronislaw Malinowski
(C) Max Weber
(D) Emile Durkheim
Correct Answer: (A) Clifford Geertz
📘 He emphasized interpreting meanings behind human actions.
20. The idea of “Cultural Materialism” was proposed by:
(A) Marvin Harris
(B) Julian Steward
(C) Leslie White
(D) A.R. Radcliffe-Brown
Correct Answer: (A) Marvin Harris
📘 He argued material conditions shape culture.
✅ Kinship & Social Organization
21. Kinship based on blood relations is called:
(A) Affinal Kinship
(B) Consanguineal Kinship
(C) Clan Kinship
(D) Lineage Kinship
Correct Answer: (B) Consanguineal Kinship
📘 It is based on biological ties.
22. Marriage between one man and multiple wives is called:
(A) Polygyny
(B) Polyandry
(C) Monogamy
(D) Group Marriage
Correct Answer: (A) Polygyny
📘 Common in many traditional societies.
23. A system where descent is traced through the mother’s line is called:
(A) Patrilineal
(B) Matrilineal
(C) Bilateral
(D) Neolocal
Correct Answer: (B) Matrilineal
📘 Inheritance and descent follow the maternal line.
24. The rule of marriage within a specific group is called:
(A) Endogamy
(B) Exogamy
(C) Monogamy
(D) Polygamy
Correct Answer: (A) Endogamy
📘 Example: Caste-based marriages in India.
25. Marriage outside one’s group is known as:
(A) Endogamy
(B) Exogamy
(C) Cross-Cousin Marriage
(D) None of these
Correct Answer: (B) Exogamy
📘 Promotes alliances between groups.
26. The post-marital residence where a couple lives with the wife’s family is called:
(A) Patrilocal
(B) Matrilocal
(C) Bilocal
(D) Neolocal
Correct Answer: (B) Matrilocal
📘 Wife’s family household becomes residence.
27. Neolocal residence means:
(A) Husband & wife live with husband’s family
(B) Husband & wife live with wife’s family
(C) Husband & wife establish new residence
(D) Husband lives with wife’s maternal uncle
Correct Answer: (C) Husband & wife establish new residence
📘 Common in modern urban societies.
28. Bride price refers to:
(A) Money/goods given by bride’s family to groom
(B) Money/goods given by groom’s family to bride’s family
(C) Property inherited by bride
(D) None of these
Correct Answer: (B) Groom’s family to bride’s family
📘 Seen in many African and Asian societies.
29. Dowry refers to:
(A) Money/goods given by bride’s family to groom
(B) Money/goods given by groom’s family to bride’s family
(C) Bride’s inheritance
(D) Property owned by clan
Correct Answer: (A) Bride’s family to groom
📘 Common in South Asian societies.
30. Who studied kinship in African societies using structural functionalism?
(A) A.R. Radcliffe-Brown
(B) E.E. Evans-Pritchard
(C) Malinowski
(D) Franz Boas
Correct Answer: (A) A.R. Radcliffe-Brown
📘 He analyzed kinship as a system maintaining social order.
✅ Religion, Rituals & Beliefs
31. Who introduced the concept of “Sacred and Profane” in religion?
(A) Karl Marx
(B) Emile Durkheim
(C) Max Weber
(D) Clifford Geertz
Correct Answer: (B) Emile Durkheim
📘 He argued religion separates sacred (holy) from profane (ordinary).
32. Magic, according to Malinowski, serves the purpose of:
(A) Entertainment
(B) Social control
(C) Reducing anxiety in uncertain situations
(D) None of these
Correct Answer: (C) Reducing anxiety in uncertain situations
📘 He studied magic in the Trobriand Islands, linking it with fishing and uncertainty.
33. The term “Animism” was first used by:
(A) Edward Tylor
(B) Franz Boas
(C) Max Weber
(D) Malinowski
Correct Answer: (A) Edward Tylor
📘 He described animism as the belief in spiritual beings in early societies.
34. The belief in one God is called:
(A) Polytheism
(B) Monotheism
(C) Animism
(D) Totemism
Correct Answer: (B) Monotheism
📘 Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are monotheistic religions.
35. Totemism was studied extensively by:
(A) Emile Durkheim
(B) Bronislaw Malinowski
(C) Karl Marx
(D) Clifford Geertz
Correct Answer: (A) Emile Durkheim
📘 He studied Australian aboriginal tribes to explain social functions of religion.
✅ Economic Anthropology & Exchange Systems
36. Who introduced the concept of “Gift Exchange” in anthropology?
(A) Marcel Mauss
(B) Franz Boas
(C) Karl Marx
(D) Claude Lévi-Strauss
Correct Answer: (A) Marcel Mauss
📘 In his book The Gift, he explained how gifts create obligations in society.
37. The Kula Ring exchange system was studied by:
(A) Malinowski
(B) Mauss
(C) Tylor
(D) Radcliffe-Brown
Correct Answer: (A) Malinowski
📘 He studied this ceremonial exchange among Trobriand Islanders.
38. Redistribution as an economic system is common in:
(A) Market societies
(B) Chiefdoms
(C) Bands
(D) Modern states
Correct Answer: (B) Chiefdoms
📘 Chiefs collect resources and redistribute them to maintain authority.
39. Barter system refers to:
(A) Exchange of goods for money
(B) Exchange of goods for goods
(C) Redistribution of wealth
(D) None of these
Correct Answer: (B) Exchange of goods for goods
📘 It existed before the invention of currency.
40. Who is known for Cultural Materialism in economic anthropology?
(A) Julian Steward
(B) Marvin Harris
(C) Claude Lévi-Strauss
(D) Karl Marx
Correct Answer: (B) Marvin Harris
📘 He linked material conditions, economy, and cultural practices.
✅ Research Methods & Fieldwork
41. The hallmark of anthropological research is:
(A) Library research
(B) Fieldwork
(C) Surveys
(D) Content analysis
Correct Answer: (B) Fieldwork
📘 Fieldwork with participant observation defines anthropology.
42. The genealogical method in anthropology is used to study:
(A) Economic exchange
(B) Kinship and descent
(C) Religion and rituals
(D) Archaeological remains
Correct Answer: (B) Kinship and descent
📘 Helps map family structures and alliances.
43. Ethnography means:
(A) Comparative study of cultures
(B) Scientific description of a culture
(C) Political analysis of tribes
(D) Collection of artifacts
Correct Answer: (B) Scientific description of a culture
📘 It’s a detailed study of people through fieldwork.
44. Long-term fieldwork and immersion was pioneered by:
(A) Malinowski
(B) Boas
(C) Tylor
(D) Radcliffe-Brown
Correct Answer: (A) Malinowski
📘 He lived among the Trobriand Islanders for years to study their culture.
45. Comparative method in anthropology was introduced by:
(A) E.B. Tylor
(B) Franz Boas
(C) Malinowski
(D) Karl Marx
Correct Answer: (A) E.B. Tylor
📘 He compared cultures to trace evolutionary stages of humanity.
✅ Theories & Thinkers
46. Structuralism in anthropology was introduced by:
(A) Claude Lévi-Strauss
(B) Malinowski
(C) Durkheim
(D) Weber
Correct Answer: (A) Claude Lévi-Strauss
📘 He focused on deep structures of human thought in myths and kinship.
47. Functionalism in anthropology emphasizes:
(A) Historical evolution of culture
(B) Role of culture in maintaining social stability
(C) Individual behavior only
(D) Economic determinism
Correct Answer: (B) Role of culture in maintaining social stability
📘 Promoted by Malinowski and Radcliffe-Brown.
48. According to Karl Marx, culture and ideas are shaped by:
(A) Religion
(B) Political power
(C) Economic base
(D) Language
Correct Answer: (C) Economic base
📘 This idea forms the basis of Marxist anthropology.
49. Diffusionism in anthropology explains culture change through:
(A) Independent invention
(B) Migration and borrowing of cultural traits
(C) Economic determinism
(D) Environmental adaptation
Correct Answer: (B) Migration and borrowing of cultural traits
📘 It argues cultures spread by diffusion of ideas and practices.
50. Postmodernism in anthropology emphasizes:
(A) Objective, scientific truths only
(B) Interpretation, reflexivity, and multiple perspectives
(C) Evolutionary stages of culture
(D) Economic determinism
Correct Answer: (B) Interpretation, reflexivity, and multiple perspectives
📘 It questions objectivity and highlights subjectivity in anthropology.
Part II – Evolution & Biological Anthropology (51–80 MCQs)
(Covering fossils, human ancestors, genetics, primates, evolution theories, etc.)
✅ Human Evolution
51. The “Father of Evolution” is known as:
(A) Herbert Spencer
(B) Charles Darwin
(C) Gregor Mendel
(D) Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Correct Answer: (B) Charles Darwin
📘 His book “On the Origin of Species” (1859) introduced natural selection.
52. The theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics was proposed by:
(A) Charles Darwin
(B) Gregor Mendel
(C) Lamarck
(D) Huxley
Correct Answer: (C) Lamarck
📘 He argued that traits acquired during life could be passed on (later disproved).
53. Who is considered the “Father of Genetics”?
(A) Gregor Mendel
(B) Charles Darwin
(C) Alfred Wallace
(D) Robert Hooke
Correct Answer: (A) Gregor Mendel
📘 He discovered laws of inheritance through pea plant experiments.
54. The earliest known species of the genus Homo is:
(A) Homo habilis
(B) Homo erectus
(C) Homo sapiens
(D) Australopithecus afarensis
Correct Answer: (A) Homo habilis
📘 Known as “handy man,” used stone tools about 2.4 million years ago.
55. The famous fossil “Lucy” belongs to which species?
(A) Homo erectus
(B) Australopithecus afarensis
(C) Homo habilis
(D) Neanderthal
Correct Answer: (B) Australopithecus afarensis
📘 Discovered in Ethiopia in 1974, about 3.2 million years old.
56. Homo erectus is best known for:
(A) Agriculture
(B) Fire control and hand axes
(C) Writing
(D) Art and cave paintings
Correct Answer: (B) Fire control and hand axes
📘 They lived about 1.8 million–400,000 years ago.
57. Which human ancestor had the largest cranial capacity before modern humans?
(A) Homo erectus
(B) Neanderthals
(C) Homo habilis
(D) Australopithecus
Correct Answer: (B) Neanderthals
📘 Their brain size was even larger than modern Homo sapiens.
58. The Out of Africa theory suggests:
(A) Humans evolved in Asia
(B) Homo sapiens originated in Africa and spread worldwide
(C) All humans evolved independently in regions
(D) None of these
Correct Answer: (B) Homo sapiens originated in Africa and spread worldwide
📘 Supported by fossil and genetic evidence.
59. The first evidence of burial practices is linked with:
(A) Homo habilis
(B) Homo erectus
(C) Neanderthals
(D) Australopithecus
Correct Answer: (C) Neanderthals
📘 They buried their dead, showing symbolic behavior.
60. Which species is directly ancestral to modern humans?
(A) Homo erectus
(B) Homo sapiens sapiens
(C) Neanderthals
(D) Australopithecus robustus
Correct Answer: (A) Homo erectus
📘 Most evidence shows Homo sapiens evolved from Homo erectus.
✅ Primatology
61. The closest living relatives of humans are:
(A) Gorillas
(B) Chimpanzees & Bonobos
(C) Orangutans
(D) Baboons
Correct Answer: (B) Chimpanzees & Bonobos
📘 Genetic similarity is about 98–99%.
62. Which primates are known as “lesser apes”?
(A) Gorillas
(B) Gibbons
(C) Orangutans
(D) Bonobos
Correct Answer: (B) Gibbons
📘 They are small apes without tails, found in Southeast Asia.
63. A prehensile tail is common in:
(A) Old World monkeys
(B) New World monkeys
(C) Apes
(D) Humans
Correct Answer: (B) New World monkeys
📘 It helps in grasping and climbing.
64. Which scientist is famous for chimpanzee studies in Gombe, Tanzania?
(A) Jane Goodall
(B) Dian Fossey
(C) Biruté Galdikas
(D) E.O. Wilson
Correct Answer: (A) Jane Goodall
📘 She documented tool use and social life of chimpanzees.
65. Dian Fossey is known for studying:
(A) Chimpanzees
(B) Gorillas
(C) Orangutans
(D) Lemurs
Correct Answer: (B) Gorillas
📘 She worked in Rwanda and advocated for their conservation.
66. Biruté Galdikas is famous for her work with:
(A) Gorillas
(B) Orangutans
(C) Chimpanzees
(D) Bonobos
Correct Answer: (B) Orangutans
📘 She studied their behavior in Borneo.
67. The study of primates in anthropology is called:
(A) Paleontology
(B) Primatology
(C) Ethnology
(D) Ethology
Correct Answer: (B) Primatology
📘 A branch of anthropology focusing on non-human primates.
68. Bipedalism refers to:
(A) Walking on two legs
(B) Use of tools
(C) Living in groups
(D) Hunting animals
Correct Answer: (A) Walking on two legs
📘 A key feature that distinguishes early humans from apes.
69. The “missing link” in evolution refers to:
(A) A fossil connecting apes and humans
(B) First written record of man
(C) Lost civilizations
(D) None of these
Correct Answer: (A) A fossil connecting apes and humans
📘 Examples include Australopithecus species.
70. Which fossil discovery in Java (1891) provided evidence for human evolution?
(A) Neanderthal
(B) Homo habilis
(C) Homo erectus
(D) Lucy
Correct Answer: (C) Homo erectus
📘 Java Man proved humans evolved outside Europe too.
✅ Genetics & Evolutionary Theory
71. DNA stands for:
(A) Deoxyribonucleic Acid
(B) Dinucleic Acid
(C) Double Nucleic Acid
(D) None of these
Correct Answer: (A) Deoxyribonucleic Acid
📘 It carries hereditary information.
72. The double helix model of DNA was proposed by:
(A) Mendel
(B) Watson and Crick
(C) Darwin
(D) Rosalind Franklin
Correct Answer: (B) Watson and Crick
📘 In 1953, with help of Franklin’s X-ray work.
73. Mutation in genetics means:
(A) Normal inheritance
(B) Sudden change in DNA sequence
(C) Loss of chromosomes
(D) None of these
Correct Answer: (B) Sudden change in DNA sequence
📘 It creates genetic variation.
74. The study of human biological variation in relation to environment is called:
(A) Human ecology
(B) Human biology
(C) Biological anthropology
(D) Cultural ecology
Correct Answer: (C) Biological anthropology
📘 It explores adaptation to climate, disease, and geography.
75. Which blood group system is most important in anthropology?
(A) ABO
(B) MN
(C) Rh
(D) All of these
Correct Answer: (D) All of these
📘 They are used to study population genetics and migration.
76. Natural selection acts upon:
(A) Individual organisms
(B) Genes directly
(C) Populations
(D) Ecosystems
Correct Answer: (C) Populations
📘 Favorable traits spread through populations over generations.
77. Gene flow in anthropology refers to:
(A) Transfer of genes between populations
(B) Mutation in DNA
(C) Isolation of groups
(D) None of these
Correct Answer: (A) Transfer of genes between populations
📘 Occurs through migration and intermarriage.
78. Genetic drift is best described as:
(A) Adaptive selection
(B) Random changes in gene frequencies
(C) Migration-based evolution
(D) Artificial selection
Correct Answer: (B) Random changes in gene frequencies
📘 More common in small populations.
79. The “Survival of the Fittest” concept was coined by:
(A) Charles Darwin
(B) Herbert Spencer
(C) Karl Marx
(D) Wallace
Correct Answer: (B) Herbert Spencer
📘 Though linked with Darwin, Spencer coined the phrase.
80. Who gave the theory of “Punctuated Equilibrium”?
(A) Stephen Jay Gould & Niles Eldredge
(B) Charles Darwin
(C) Gregor Mendel
(D) Alfred Wallace
Correct Answer: (A) Stephen Jay Gould & Niles Eldredge
📘 They argued evolution happens in bursts, not gradually.
Part III – Human Variation, Forensic & Applied Anthropology (81–100 MCQs)
(Covering human variation, race, forensic anthropology, medical, development, and applied anthropology)
✅ Human Variation & Race
81. The concept of “race” in anthropology is now considered:
(A) A biological reality
(B) A social construct
(C) Genetic classification
(D) None of these
Correct Answer: (B) A social construct
📘 Modern anthropology rejects biological races; variation is continuous.
82. Skin color variation among humans is largely due to:
(A) Sunlight and melanin
(B) Genetic drift
(C) Cultural adaptation
(D) Blood type
Correct Answer: (A) Sunlight and melanin
📘 Populations in sunny regions evolved darker skin for UV protection.
83. The “clinal” model of variation refers to:
(A) Sharp boundaries between populations
(B) Gradual, continuous change across geography
(C) Genetic isolation
(D) None of these
Correct Answer: (B) Gradual, continuous change across geography
📘 For example, skin color variation across latitudes.
84. The term “polytypic species” means:
(A) Humans have distinct biological races
(B) Humans show genetic variation but belong to one species
(C) Humans are genetically identical
(D) None of these
Correct Answer: (B) Humans show genetic variation but belong to one species
📘 Human species is polytypic with local variations but no subspecies.
85. The study of how humans adapt biologically to high altitudes is part of:
(A) Cultural anthropology
(B) Biological anthropology
(C) Ethnology
(D) Linguistics
Correct Answer: (B) Biological anthropology
📘 At high altitudes, humans adapt by increased lung capacity and red blood cells.
86. Lactose tolerance in adults is an example of:
(A) Genetic adaptation
(B) Cultural adaptation
(C) Biocultural adaptation
(D) None of these
Correct Answer: (C) Biocultural adaptation
📘 It results from both dairy culture and genetic evolution.
✅ Forensic Anthropology
87. Forensic anthropology is mainly concerned with:
(A) Fossil analysis
(B) Identifying human remains in legal contexts
(C) Ancient civilizations
(D) None of these
Correct Answer: (B) Identifying human remains in legal contexts
📘 It applies anthropology in solving crimes and disasters.
88. Age estimation in skeletons can be done by studying:
(A) DNA mutations
(B) Bone fusion and teeth eruption
(C) Skin color
(D) None of these
Correct Answer: (B) Bone fusion and teeth eruption
📘 Important in forensic investigations.
89. The most reliable bone for determining sex in skeletons is:
(A) Skull
(B) Pelvis
(C) Femur
(D) Ribs
Correct Answer: (B) Pelvis
📘 Pelvic structure differs significantly between males and females.
90. Cranial sutures are useful for estimating:
(A) Age
(B) Sex
(C) Ancestry
(D) Cause of death
Correct Answer: (A) Age
📘 Sutures close at predictable stages of life.
91. DNA profiling in forensics is mainly based on:
(A) Chromosome number
(B) Blood group
(C) Short Tandem Repeats (STRs)
(D) Skin pigmentation
Correct Answer: (C) Short Tandem Repeats (STRs)
📘 STR analysis helps in personal identification.
92. Odontology in forensics deals with:
(A) Fingerprints
(B) Teeth analysis
(C) Hair structure
(D) Skeletal fractures
Correct Answer: (B) Teeth analysis
📘 Dental records are highly reliable for identification.
✅ Applied Anthropology
93. Medical anthropology focuses on:
(A) Human diseases in cultural and biological context
(B) Ancient fossils
(C) Political structures
(D) None of these
Correct Answer: (A) Human diseases in cultural and biological context
📘 It studies how culture, biology, and environment affect health.
94. Development anthropology deals with:
(A) Economic growth only
(B) Applying anthropology in planning and policy-making
(C) Historical analysis
(D) None of these
Correct Answer: (B) Applying anthropology in planning and policy-making
📘 Used in NGOs, rural development, and public health projects.
95. Urban anthropology studies:
(A) Rural villages
(B) Ancient cities only
(C) Human life in modern urban contexts
(D) None of these
Correct Answer: (C) Human life in modern urban contexts
📘 It explores migration, housing, poverty, and city culture.
96. Advocacy anthropology refers to:
(A) Neutral research only
(B) Anthropologists working directly for marginalized communities
(C) Pure academic anthropology
(D) None of these
Correct Answer: (B) Anthropologists working directly for marginalized communities
📘 Example: defending indigenous land rights.
97. Linguistic relativity (Sapir-Whorf hypothesis) suggests:
(A) Language has no effect on thought
(B) Language shapes how we think and perceive reality
(C) Language is universal
(D) None of these
Correct Answer: (B) Language shapes how we think and perceive reality
📘 For example, how different cultures perceive colors.
98. Ethnography in anthropology means:
(A) The comparative study of cultures
(B) A detailed written account of a single culture
(C) Ancient archaeological report
(D) DNA analysis
Correct Answer: (B) A detailed written account of a single culture
📘 Based on fieldwork and participant observation.
99. Applied anthropology is valuable in:
(A) Public health
(B) Education
(C) Conflict resolution
(D) All of these
Correct Answer: (D) All of these
📘 Anthropologists are now working in policy, health, and governance.
100. The holistic approach in anthropology means:
(A) Studying only biology
(B) Studying human beings in all aspects—biological, cultural, historical, and linguistic
(C) Studying only ancient fossils
(D) None of these
Correct Answer: (B) Studying human beings in all aspects—biological, cultural, historical, and linguistic
📘 Holism is what makes anthropology unique among social sciences.
📌 Conclusion
Anthropology is a diverse subject that links human biology, society, and culture. For CSS and USPC aspirants, mastering MCQs is crucial for scoring well in Objective Part (MCQs Paper).
This collection of 100+ solved Anthropology MCQs with explanations will help you:
- Revise important topics quickly
- Understand the logic behind answers
- Prepare efficiently for exams
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