CSS International Relations Paper 2 (2025) | Solved MCQs with Answers
International Relations Paper II in the CSS Exam 2025 focuses on world history, state systems, foreign policy doctrines, organizations, and contemporary global challenges. Below are the 20 solved MCQs from IR Paper 2 (2025) with detailed explanations for CSS aspirants.
CSS IR Paper 2 (2025) – MCQs with Answers
Q1. Emmanuel Kant and John Locke provided the philosophical basis for:
(A) Realism
(B) Liberalism ✅
(C) Modernism
(D) None of these
Explanation: Both Kant and Locke emphasized cooperation, democracy, and individual rights, forming the foundation of Liberalism in IR.
Q2. The Modern State System is believed to have started with:
(A) End of Second World War
(B) Versailles Treaty
(C) Peace of Westphalia ✅
(D) None of these
Explanation: The Peace of Westphalia (1648) ended the Thirty Years’ War and introduced sovereignty, marking the birth of the modern state system.
Q3. Which country issued the Balfour Declaration in 1917?
(A) France
(B) Russia
(C) Britain ✅
(D) None of these
Explanation: Britain issued the Balfour Declaration, supporting a “national home for the Jewish people” in Palestine.
Q4. The League of Nations was established by:
(A) Henry Kissinger
(B) Ronald Reagan
(C) Woodrow Wilson ✅
(D) None of these
Explanation: U.S. President Woodrow Wilson proposed the League of Nations in his 14 Points, though the U.S. never joined.
Q5. The Second World War began with Germany’s invasion of:
(A) Austria
(B) Poland ✅
(C) Russia
(D) None of these
Explanation: WWII officially started in September 1939 when Germany invaded Poland.
Q6. The Shimla Doctrine was a key part of the foreign policy of:
(A) Germany
(B) Russia
(C) India ✅
(D) None of these
Explanation: The Shimla Agreement of 1972 between India and Pakistan emphasized bilateralism in conflict resolution.
Q7. The US policy of containment of Soviet expansion was advocated by:
(A) George C. Marshall
(B) Condoleezza Rice
(C) George F. Kennan ✅
(D) None of these
Explanation: George Kennan’s Long Telegram (1946) and “X Article” outlined containment policy against Soviet expansionism.
Q8. Glasnost and Perestroika policies were associated with the Soviet leader:
(A) Joseph Stalin
(B) Mikhail Gorbachev ✅
(C) Leonid Brezhnev
(D) None of these
Explanation: Gorbachev introduced Glasnost (openness) and Perestroika (restructuring) to reform the USSR in the 1980s.
Q9. Which theoretical perspective views globalization as a new form of imperialism?
(A) Idealism
(B) Realism
(C) Liberalism
(D) None of these ✅ (Marxism/Critical Theories)
Explanation: Marxist/Dependency theorists see globalization as neo-imperialism, exploiting developing countries.
Q10. The Soviet Union disintegrated into fifteen separate countries in:
(A) December 1989
(B) December 1990
(C) December 1991 ✅
(D) None of these
Explanation: The USSR collapsed in December 1991, creating 15 independent republics.
Q11. The Democratic Peace theory is based upon the Perpetual Peace theory presented by:
(A) Kellogg-Briand
(B) Paul Kennedy
(C) Emmanuel Kant ✅
(D) None of these
Explanation: Kant’s Perpetual Peace (1795) argued that democracies are less likely to fight each other.
Q12. The Theory of Heartland was presented by:
(A) Alfred Mahan
(B) Nicholas Spykman
(C) Halford Mackinder ✅
(D) None of these
Explanation: Halford Mackinder’s Heartland Theory emphasized Eurasia’s central role in global power politics.
Q13. The Cuban Missile Crisis between the United States and the Soviet Union occurred in:
(A) 1965
(B) 1962 ✅
(C) 1967
(D) None of these
Explanation: In 1962, the world came close to nuclear war during the U.S.–Soviet standoff over missiles in Cuba.
Q14. China’s Belt and Road Initiative offers:
(A) Six economic corridors ✅
(B) Twelve economic corridors
(C) Four economic corridors
(D) None of these
Explanation: The BRI aims to connect Asia, Africa, and Europe through six economic corridors.
Q15. The term “Axis Powers” was related to:
(A) World War I
(B) World War II ✅
(C) Cold War
(D) None of these
Explanation: The Axis Powers in WWII included Germany, Italy, and Japan.
Q16. The permanent members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) are:
(A) 5
(B) 6
(C) 7 ✅
(D) None of these
Explanation: SCO has 8 members now, but 7 were permanent initially (China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, India, Pakistan).
Q17. How many Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are considered a collection of interlinked global goals:
(A) 15
(B) 17 ✅
(C) 19
(D) None of these
Explanation: The UN adopted 17 SDGs in 2015 to be achieved by 2030.
Q18. NATO was formed in:
(A) 1948
(B) 1949 ✅
(C) 1950
(D) None of these
Explanation: NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) was established in 1949.
Q19. Weapons of mass destruction include:
(A) Nuclear, chemical and biological weapons ✅
(B) Nuclear, conventional and biological weapons
(C) Chemical, ballistic and biological weapons
(D) None of these
Explanation: WMDs are classified as nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons.
Q20. The Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT-I) was signed in:
(A) 1973
(B) 1971
(C) 1972 ✅
(D) None of these
Explanation: SALT-I was signed in 1972 between the U.S. and USSR to limit nuclear weapons.
📌 Conclusion
These CSS International Relations Paper 2 (2025) solved MCQs highlight historical developments, foreign policy doctrines, global institutions, and international treaties. Together with IR Paper 1 (2025), they provide a complete MCQ resource for CSS aspirants.
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